@display
DATA LIST FREE
+ [(@{TAB,'c'@}, @dots{})]
[@{NOTABLE,TABLE@}]
FILE='filename'
END=end_var
var_list *
@end display
-In free format, the input data is structured as a series of comma- or
-whitespace-delimited fields (end of line is one form of whitespace; it
-is not treated specially). Field contents may be surrounded by matched
-pairs of apostrophes (@samp{'}) or quotes (@samp{"}), or they may be
-unenclosed. For any type of field leading white space (up to the
-apostrophe or quote, if any) is not included in the field.
-
-Multiple consecutive delimiters are equivalent to a single delimiter.
-To specify an empty field, write an empty set of single or double
-quotes; for instance, @samp{""}.
+In free format, the input data is, by default, structured as a series
+of fields separated by spaces, tabs, commas, or line breaks. Each
+field's content may be unquoted, or it may be quoted with a pairs of
+apostrophes (@samp{'}) or double quotes (@samp{"}). Unquoted white
+space separates fields but is not part of any field. Any mix of
+spaces, tabs, and line breaks is equivalent to a single space for the
+purpose of separating fields, but consecutive commas will skip a
+field.
+
+Alternatively, delimiters can be specified explicitly, as a
+parenthesized, comma-separated list of single-character strings
+immediately following FREE. The word TAB may also be used to specify
+a tab character as a delimiter. When delimiters are specified
+explicitly, only the given characters, plus line breaks, separate
+fields. Furthermore, leading spaces at the beginnings of fields are
+not trimmed, consecutive delimiters define empty fields, and no form
+of quoting is allowed.
The NOTABLE and TABLE subcommands are as in @cmd{DATA LIST FIXED} above.
NOTABLE is the default.
@display
DATA LIST LIST
+ [(@{TAB,'c'@}, @dots{})]
[@{NOTABLE,TABLE@}]
FILE='filename'
END=end_var
@display
FILE HANDLE handle_name
/NAME='filename'
- /RECFORM=@{VARIABLE,FIXED,SPANNED@}
+ /MODE=@{CHARACTER,IMAGE@}
/LRECL=rec_len
- /MODE=@{CHARACTER,IMAGE,BINARY,MULTIPUNCH,360@}
+ /TABWIDTH=tab_width
@end display
-Use @cmd{FILE HANDLE} to define the attributes of a file that does
-not use conventional variable-length records terminated by new-line
-characters.
+Use @cmd{FILE HANDLE} to associate a file handle name with a file and
+its attributes, so that later commands can refer to the file by its
+handle name. Because names of text files can be specified directly on
+commands that access files, @cmd{FILE HANDLE} is only needed when a
+file is not an ordinary file containing lines of text. However,
+@cmd{FILE HANDLE} may be used even for text files, and it may be
+easier to specify a file's name once and later refer to it by an
+abstract handle.
Specify the file handle name as an identifier. Any given identifier may
only appear once in a PSPP run. File handles may not be reassigned to a
The NAME subcommand specifies the name of the file associated with the
handle. It is the only required subcommand.
-The RECFORM subcommand specifies how the file is laid out. VARIABLE
-specifies variable-length lines terminated with new-lines, and it is the
-default. FIXED specifies fixed-length records. SPANNED is not
-supported.
-
-LRECL specifies the length of fixed-length records. It is required if
-@code{/RECFORM FIXED} is specified.
+MODE specifies a file mode. In CHARACTER mode, the default, the data
+file is opened in ANSI C text mode, so that local end of line
+conventions are followed, and each text line is read as one record.
+In CHARACTER mode, most input programs will expand tabs to spaces
+(@cmd{DATA LIST FREE} with explicitly specified delimiters is an
+exception). By default, each tab is 4 characters wide, but an
+alternate width may be specified on TABWIDTH. A tab width of 0
+suppresses tab expansion entirely.
-MODE specifies a file mode. CHARACTER, the default, causes the data
-file to be opened in ANSI C text mode. BINARY causes the data file to
-be opened in ANSI C binary mode. The other possibilities are not
-supported.
+By contrast, in BINARY mode, the data file is opened in ANSI C binary
+mode and records are a fixed length. In BINARY mode, LRECL specifies
+the record length in bytes, with a default of 1024. Tab characters
+are never expanded to spaces in binary mode.
@node INPUT PROGRAM, LIST, FILE HANDLE, Data Input and Output
@section INPUT PROGRAM
The aggregation functions listed above exclude all user-missing values
from calculations. To include user-missing values, insert a period
(@samp{.}) between the function name and left parenthesis
-(e.g.~@samp{SUM.}).
+(e.g.@: @samp{SUM.}).
Normally, only a single case (for SD and SD., two cases) need be
non-missing in each group for the aggregate variable to be
The 200-byte segment is divided into five 40-byte sections, each of
which represents the string @code{@var{charset} SPSS PORT FILE} in a
different character set encoding, where @var{charset} is the name of
-the character set used in the file, e.g. @code{ASCII} or
+the character set used in the file, e.g.@: @code{ASCII} or
@code{EBCDIC}. Each string is padded on the right with spaces in its
respective character set.
projects / pspp-builds.git / blobdiff