-@node Data Manipulation, Data Selection, Variable Attributes, Top
+@node Data Manipulation
@chapter Data transformations
@cindex transformations
* SORT CASES:: Sort the active file.
@end menu
-@node AGGREGATE, AUTORECODE, Data Manipulation, Data Manipulation
+@node AGGREGATE
@section AGGREGATE
@vindex AGGREGATE
@display
AGGREGATE
- OUTFILE=@{*,'filename'@}
+ OUTFILE=@{*,'file-name',file_handle@}
/PRESORTED
/DOCUMENT
/MISSING=COLUMNWISE
for summarizing case contents.
The OUTFILE subcommand is required and must appear first. Specify a
-system file by file name string or file handle (@pxref{FILE HANDLE}).
+system file, portable file, or scratch file by file name or file
+handle (@pxref{File Handles}).
The aggregated cases are written to this file. If @samp{*} is
-specified, then the aggregated cases replace the active file.
+specified, then the aggregated cases replace the active file. Use of
+OUTFILE to write a portable file or scratch file is a PSPP extension.
By default, the active file will be sorted based on the break variables
before aggregation takes place. If the active file is already sorted
@item FIRST(var_name)
First non-missing value in break group. The aggregation variable
receives the complete dictionary information from the source variable.
+The sort performed by AGGREGATE (and by SORT CASES) is stable, so that
+the first case with particular values for the break variables before
+sorting will also be the first case in that break group after sorting.
@item FOUT(var_name, low, high)
Fraction of values strictly outside the specified range of constants.
@item LAST(var_name)
Last non-missing value in break group. The aggregation variable
receives the complete dictionary information from the source variable.
+The sort performed by AGGREGATE (and by SORT CASES) is stable, so that
+the last case with particular values for the break variables before
+sorting will also be the last case in that break group after sorting.
@item MAX(var_name)
Maximum value. The aggregation variable receives the complete
@cmd{AGGREGATE} both ignores and cancels the current @cmd{SPLIT FILE}
settings (@pxref{SPLIT FILE}).
-@node AUTORECODE, COMPUTE, AGGREGATE, Data Manipulation
+@node AUTORECODE
@section AUTORECODE
@vindex AUTORECODE
@cmd{AUTORECODE} is a procedure. It causes the data to be read.
-@node COMPUTE, COUNT, AUTORECODE, Data Manipulation
+@node COMPUTE
@section COMPUTE
@vindex COMPUTE
(@pxref{TEMPORARY}), the @cmd{LAG} function may not be used
(@pxref{LAG}).
-@node COUNT, FLIP, COMPUTE, Data Manipulation
+@node COUNT
@section COUNT
@vindex COUNT
The target variable values are always nonnegative integers. They are
never missing. The target variable is assigned an F8.2 output format.
-@xref{Input/Output Formats}. Any variables, including long and short
+@xref{Input and Output Formats}. Any variables, including long and short
string variables, may be test variables.
User-missing values of test variables are treated just like any other
@end example
@end enumerate
-@node FLIP, IF, COUNT, Data Manipulation
+@node FLIP
@section FLIP
@vindex FLIP
variables are selected for transposition.
The variables specified by NEWNAMES, which must be a string variable, is
-used to give names to the variables created by @cmd{FLIP}. If
+used to give names to the variables created by @cmd{FLIP}. Only the
+first 8 characters of the variable are used. If
NEWNAMES is not
specified then the default is a variable named CASE_LBL, if it exists.
If it does not then the variables created by FLIP are named VAR000
there are no remaining possibilities. If the latter occurs then the
FLIP operation aborts.
-The resultant dictionary contains a CASE_LBL variable, which stores the
-names of the variables in the dictionary before the transposition. If
-the active file is subsequently transposed using @cmd{FLIP}, this
-variable can
-be used to recreate the original variable names.
+The resultant dictionary contains a CASE_LBL variable, a string
+variable of width 8, which stores the names of the variables in the
+dictionary before the transposition. Variables names longer than 8
+characters are truncated. If the active file is subsequently
+transposed using @cmd{FLIP}, this variable can be used to recreate the
+original variable names.
FLIP honors @cmd{N OF CASES} (@pxref{N OF CASES}). It ignores
@cmd{TEMPORARY} (@pxref{TEMPORARY}), so that ``temporary''
transformations become permanent.
-@node IF, RECODE, FLIP, Data Manipulation
+@node IF
@section IF
@vindex IF
(@pxref{TEMPORARY}), the @cmd{LAG} function may not be used
(@pxref{LAG}).
-@node RECODE, SORT CASES, IF, Data Manipulation
+@node RECODE
@section RECODE
@vindex RECODE
system missing value only. ELSE is a catch-all that matches anything.
It should be the last src_value specified.
-Numeric and string dest_value's should also be self-explanatory. COPY
-causes the input values to be copied to the output. This is only value
+Numeric and string dest_value's should be self-explanatory. COPY
+causes the input values to be copied to the output. This is only valid
if the source and target variables are of the same type. SYSMIS
indicates the system-missing value.
Introduce additional recodings with a slash (@samp{/}) to
separate them from the previous recodings.
-@node SORT CASES, , RECODE, Data Manipulation
+@node SORT CASES
@section SORT CASES
@vindex SORT CASES
@display
-SORT CASES BY var_list.
+SORT CASES BY var_list[(@{D|A@}] [ var_list[(@{D|A@}] ] ...
@end display
@cmd{SORT CASES} sorts the active file by the values of one or more
Specify BY and a list of variables to sort by. By default, variables
are sorted in ascending order. To override sort order, specify (D) or
(DOWN) after a list of variables to get descending order, or (A) or (UP)
-for ascending order. These apply to the entire list of variables
-preceding them.
+for ascending order. These apply to all the listed variables
+up until the preceding (A), (D), (UP) or (DOWN).
The sort algorithms used by @cmd{SORT CASES} are stable. That is,
records that have equal values of the sort variables will have the
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