This chapter documents the statistical procedures that PSPP supports so
far.
-@c If you add any new commands, then don't forget to remove the entry in
-@c not-implemented.texi
-
@menu
* DESCRIPTIVES:: Descriptive statistics.
* FREQUENCIES:: Frequency tables.
+* EXAMINE:: Testing data for normality.
* CROSSTABS:: Crosstabulation tables.
* T-TEST:: Test hypotheses about means.
* ONEWAY:: One way analysis of variance.
+* RANK:: Compute rank scores.
+* REGRESSION:: Linear regression.
@end menu
@node DESCRIPTIVES, FREQUENCIES, Statistics, Statistics
and D settings request an ascending or descending sort order,
respectively.
-@node FREQUENCIES, CROSSTABS, DESCRIPTIVES, Statistics
+@node FREQUENCIES, EXAMINE, DESCRIPTIVES, Statistics
@section FREQUENCIES
@vindex FREQUENCIES
value is reported.) By default, the mean, standard deviation of the
mean, minimum, and maximum are reported for each variable.
+@cindex percentiles
PERCENTILES causes the specified percentiles to be reported.
The percentiles should be presented at a list of numbers between 0
and 100 inclusive.
For instance, @code{/NTILES=4} would cause quartiles to be reported.
-@node CROSSTABS, T-TEST, FREQUENCIES, Statistics
+@node EXAMINE, CROSSTABS, FREQUENCIES, Statistics
+@comment node-name, next, previous, up
+@section EXAMINE
+@vindex EXAMINE
+
+@cindex Normality, testing for
+
+@display
+EXAMINE
+ VARIABLES=var_list [BY factor_list ]
+ /STATISTICS=@{DESCRIPTIVES, EXTREME[(n)], ALL, NONE@}
+ /PLOT=@{BOXPLOT, NPPLOT, HISTOGRAM, ALL, NONE@}
+ /CINTERVAL n
+ /COMPARE=@{GROUPS,VARIABLES@}
+ /ID=@{case_number, var_name@}
+ /@{TOTAL,NOTOTAL@}
+ /PERCENTILE=[value_list]=@{HAVERAGE, WAVERAGE, ROUND, AEMPIRICAL, EMPIRICAL @}
+ /MISSING=@{LISTWISE, PAIRWISE@} [@{EXCLUDE, INCLUDE@}]
+ [@{NOREPORT,REPORT@}]
+
+@end display
+
+The @cmd{EXAMINE} command is used to test how closely a distribution is to a
+normal distribution. It also shows you outliers and extreme values.
+
+The VARIABLES subcommand specifies the dependent variables and the
+independent variable to use as factors for the analysis. Variables
+listed before the first BY keyword are the dependent variables.
+The dependent variables may optionally be followed by a list of
+factors which tell PSPP how to break down the analysis for each
+dependent variable. The format for each factor is
+@display
+var [BY var].
+@end display
+
+
+The STATISTICS subcommand specifies the analysis to be done.
+DESCRIPTIVES will produce a table showing some parametric and
+non-parametrics statistics. EXTREME produces a table showing extreme
+values of the dependent variable. A number in parentheses determines
+how many upper and lower extremes to show. The default number is 5.
+
+
+The PLOT subcommand specifies which plots are to be produced if any.
+
+The COMPARE subcommand is only relevant if producing boxplots, and it is only
+useful there is more than one dependent variable and at least one factor. If
+/COMPARE=GROUPS is specified, then one plot per dependent variable is produced,
+containing boxplots for all the factors.
+If /COMPARE=VARIABLES is specified, then one plot per factor is produced, each
+each containing one boxplot per dependent variable.
+If the /COMPARE subcommand is ommitted, then PSPP uses the default value of
+/COMPARE=GROUPS.
+
+The CINTERVAL subcommand specifies the confidence interval to use in
+calculation of the descriptives command. The default it 95%.
+
+@cindex percentiles
+The PERCENTILES subcommand specifies which percentiles are to be calculated,
+and which algorithm to use for calculating them. The default is to
+calculate the 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 percentiles using the
+HAVERAGE algorithm.
+
+The TOTAL and NOTOTAL subcommands are mutually exclusive. If NOTOTAL
+is given and factors have been specified in the VARIABLES subcommand,
+then then statistics for the unfactored dependent variables are
+produced in addition to the factored variables. If there are no
+factors specified then TOTAL and NOTOTAL have no effect.
+
+@strong{Warning!}
+If many dependent variable are given, or factors are given for which
+there are many distinct values, then @cmd{EXAMINE} will produce a very
+large quantity of output.
+
+
+@node CROSSTABS, T-TEST, EXAMINE, Statistics
@section CROSSTABS
@vindex CROSSTABS
@table @asis
@item CHISQ
+@cindex chisquare
+@cindex chi-square
+
Pearson chi-square, likelihood ratio, Fisher's exact test, continuity
correction, linear-by-linear association.
@item PHI
@code{WITH} are generated.
-@node ONEWAY, , T-TEST, Statistics
+@node ONEWAY, RANK, T-TEST, Statistics
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@section Oneway
+@section ONEWAY
@vindex ONEWAY
@cindex analysis of variance
The @code{CONTRASTS} subcommand may be given up to 10 times in order
to specify different contrast tests.
@setfilename ignored
+
+@node RANK, REGRESSION, ONEWAY, Statistics
+@comment node-name, next, previous, up
+@section RANK
+
+@vindex RANK
+@display
+RANK
+ [VARIABLES=] var_list [@{A,D@}] [BY var_list]
+ /TIES=@{MEAN,LOW,HIGH,CONDENSE@}
+ /FRACTION=@{BLOM,TUKEY,VW,RANKIT@}
+ /PRINT[=@{YES,NO@}
+ /MISSING=@{EXCLUDE,INCLUDE@}
+
+ /RANK [INTO var_list]
+ /NTILES(k) [INTO var_list]
+ /NORMAL [INTO var_list]
+ /PERCENT [INTO var_list]
+ /RFRACTION [INTO var_list]
+ /PROPORTION [INTO var_list]
+ /N [INTO var_list]
+ /SAVAGE [INTO var_list]
+@end display
+
+The @cmd{RANK} command ranks variables and stores the results into new
+variables.
+
+The VARIABLES subcommand, which is mandatory, specifies one or
+more variables whose values are to be ranked.
+After each variable, @samp{A} or @samp{D} may appear, indicating that
+the variable is to be ranked in ascending or descending order.
+Ascending is the default.
+If a BY keyword appears, it should be followed by a list of variables
+which are to serve as group variables.
+In this case, the cases are gathered into groups, and ranks calculated
+for each group.
+
+The TIES subcommand specifies how tied values are to be treated. The
+default is to take the mean value of all the tied cases.
+
+The FRACTION subcommand specifies how proportional ranks are to be
+calculated. This only has any effect if NORMAL or PROPORTIONAL rank
+functions are requested.
+
+The PRINT subcommand may be used to specify that a summary of the rank
+variables created should appear in the output.
+
+The function subcommands are RANK, NTILES, NORMAL, PERCENT, RFRACTION,
+PROPORTION and SAVAGE. Any number of function subcommands may appear.
+If none are given, then the default is RANK.
+The NTILES subcommand must take an integer specifying the number of
+partitions into which values should be ranked.
+Each subcommand may be followed by the INTO keyword and a list of
+variables which are the variables to be created and receive the rank
+scores. There may be as many variables specified as there are
+variables named on the VARIABLES subcommand. If fewer are specified,
+then the variable names are automatically created.
+
+The MISSING subcommand determines how user missing values are to be
+treated. A setting of EXCLUDE means that variables whose values are
+user-missing are to be excluded from the rank scores. A setting of
+INCLUDE means they are to be included. The default is EXCLUDE.
+
+@include regression.texi
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