1 /* PSPP - computes sample statistics.
2 Copyright (C) 1997-9, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 Written by Ben Pfaff <blp@gnu.org>.
5 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
6 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
7 published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
8 License, or (at your option) any later version.
10 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
11 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
13 General Public License for more details.
15 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
21 #include "sys-file-writer.h"
22 #include "sfm-private.h"
23 #include <libpspp/message.h>
31 #include <libpspp/alloc.h>
33 #include "dictionary.h"
34 #include <libpspp/message.h>
35 #include "file-handle-def.h"
36 #include <libpspp/hash.h>
37 #include <libpspp/magic.h>
38 #include <libpspp/misc.h>
40 #include "stat-macros.h"
41 #include <libpspp/str.h>
42 #include "value-labels.h"
44 #include <libpspp/version.h>
48 #define _(msgid) gettext (msgid)
50 /* Compression bias used by PSPP. Values between (1 -
51 COMPRESSION_BIAS) and (251 - COMPRESSION_BIAS) inclusive can be
53 #define COMPRESSION_BIAS 100
55 /* System file writer. */
58 struct file_handle *fh; /* File handle. */
59 FILE *file; /* File stream. */
61 int needs_translation; /* 0=use fast path, 1=translation needed. */
62 int compress; /* 1=compressed, 0=not compressed. */
63 int case_cnt; /* Number of cases written so far. */
64 size_t flt64_cnt; /* Number of flt64 elements in case. */
65 bool has_vls; /* Does the dict have very long strings? */
67 /* Compression buffering. */
68 flt64 *buf; /* Buffered data. */
69 flt64 *end; /* Buffer end. */
70 flt64 *ptr; /* Current location in buffer. */
71 unsigned char *x; /* Location in current instruction octet. */
72 unsigned char *y; /* End of instruction octet. */
75 struct sfm_var *vars; /* Variables. */
76 size_t var_cnt; /* Number of variables. */
77 size_t var_cnt_vls; /* Number of variables including
78 very long string components. */
81 /* A variable in a system file. */
84 int width; /* 0=numeric, otherwise string width. */
85 int fv; /* Index into case. */
86 size_t flt64_cnt; /* Number of flt64 elements. */
89 static char *append_string_max (char *, const char *, const char *);
90 static void write_header (struct sfm_writer *, const struct dictionary *);
91 static void buf_write (struct sfm_writer *, const void *, size_t);
92 static void write_variable (struct sfm_writer *, const struct variable *);
93 static void write_value_labels (struct sfm_writer *,
94 struct variable *, int idx);
95 static void write_rec_7_34 (struct sfm_writer *);
97 static void write_longvar_table (struct sfm_writer *w,
98 const struct dictionary *dict);
100 static void write_vls_length_table (struct sfm_writer *w,
101 const struct dictionary *dict);
104 static void write_variable_display_parameters (struct sfm_writer *w,
105 const struct dictionary *dict);
107 static void write_documents (struct sfm_writer *, const struct dictionary *);
110 var_flt64_cnt (const struct variable *v)
112 assert(sizeof(flt64) == MAX_SHORT_STRING);
113 return width_to_bytes(v->width) / MAX_SHORT_STRING ;
117 var_flt64_cnt_nom (const struct variable *v)
119 return v->type == NUMERIC ? 1 : DIV_RND_UP (v->width, sizeof (flt64));
123 /* Returns default options for writing a system file. */
124 struct sfm_write_options
125 sfm_writer_default_options (void)
127 struct sfm_write_options opts;
128 opts.create_writeable = true;
129 opts.compress = get_scompression ();
135 /* Return a short variable name to be used as the continuation of the
136 variable with the short name SN.
138 FIXME: Need to resolve clashes somehow.
142 cont_var_name(const char *sn, int idx)
144 static char s[SHORT_NAME_LEN + 1];
146 char abb[SHORT_NAME_LEN + 1 - 3]= {0};
148 strncpy(abb, sn, SHORT_NAME_LEN - 3);
150 snprintf(s, SHORT_NAME_LEN + 1, "%s%03d", abb, idx);
156 /* Opens the system file designated by file handle FH for writing
157 cases from dictionary D according to the given OPTS. If
158 COMPRESS is nonzero, the system file will be compressed.
160 No reference to D is retained, so it may be modified or
161 destroyed at will after this function returns. D is not
162 modified by this function, except to assign short names. */
164 sfm_open_writer (struct file_handle *fh, struct dictionary *d,
165 struct sfm_write_options opts)
167 struct sfm_writer *w = NULL;
174 if (opts.version != 2 && opts.version != 3)
176 msg (ME, _("Unknown system file version %d. Treating as version %d."),
182 mode = S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH;
183 if (opts.create_writeable)
184 mode |= S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH;
185 fd = open (fh_get_file_name (fh), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, mode);
189 /* Open file handle. */
190 if (!fh_open (fh, FH_REF_FILE, "system file", "we"))
193 /* Create and initialize writer. */
194 w = xmalloc (sizeof *w);
196 w->file = fdopen (fd, "w");
198 w->needs_translation = dict_compacting_would_change (d);
199 w->compress = opts.compress;
204 w->buf = w->end = w->ptr = NULL;
207 w->var_cnt = dict_get_var_cnt (d);
208 w->var_cnt_vls = w->var_cnt;
209 w->vars = xnmalloc (w->var_cnt, sizeof *w->vars);
210 for (i = 0; i < w->var_cnt; i++)
212 const struct variable *dv = dict_get_var (d, i);
213 struct sfm_var *sv = &w->vars[i];
214 sv->width = dv->width;
215 /* spss compatibility nonsense */
216 if ( dv->width > MAX_LONG_STRING )
220 sv->flt64_cnt = var_flt64_cnt (dv);
223 /* Check that file create succeeded. */
230 /* Write the file header. */
233 /* Write basic variable info. */
234 dict_assign_short_names (d);
235 for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (d); i++)
238 const struct variable *v = dict_get_var(d, i);
239 int wcount = v->width;
242 struct variable var_cont = *v;
243 if ( v->type == ALPHA)
247 mv_init(&var_cont.miss, 0);
248 strcpy(var_cont.short_name,
249 cont_var_name(v->short_name, count));
250 var_cont.label = NULL;
254 if ( wcount > MAX_LONG_STRING )
256 var_cont.width = MAX_LONG_STRING;
257 wcount -= EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH;
261 var_cont.width = wcount;
262 wcount -= var_cont.width;
265 var_cont.write.w = var_cont.width;
266 var_cont.print.w = var_cont.width;
269 write_variable (w, &var_cont);
273 /* Write out value labels. */
274 for (idx = i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (d); i++)
276 struct variable *v = dict_get_var (d, i);
278 write_value_labels (w, v, idx);
279 idx += var_flt64_cnt (v);
282 if (dict_get_documents (d) != NULL)
283 write_documents (w, d);
287 write_variable_display_parameters (w, d);
289 if (opts.version >= 3)
290 write_longvar_table (w, d);
292 write_vls_length_table(w, d);
294 /* Write end-of-headers record. */
303 rec_999.rec_type = 999;
306 buf_write (w, &rec_999, sizeof rec_999);
311 w->buf = xnmalloc (128, sizeof *w->buf);
313 w->end = &w->buf[128];
314 w->x = (unsigned char *) w->ptr++;
315 w->y = (unsigned char *) w->ptr;
318 if (sfm_write_error (w))
324 sfm_close_writer (w);
328 msg (ME, _("Error opening \"%s\" for writing as a system file: %s."),
329 fh_get_file_name (fh), strerror (errno));
333 /* Returns value of X truncated to two least-significant digits. */
344 /* Write the sysfile_header header to system file W. */
346 write_header (struct sfm_writer *w, const struct dictionary *d)
348 struct sysfile_header hdr;
354 memcpy (hdr.rec_type, "$FL2", 4);
356 p = stpcpy (hdr.prod_name, "@(#) SPSS DATA FILE ");
357 p = append_string_max (p, version, &hdr.prod_name[60]);
358 p = append_string_max (p, " - ", &hdr.prod_name[60]);
359 p = append_string_max (p, host_system, &hdr.prod_name[60]);
360 memset (p, ' ', &hdr.prod_name[60] - p);
365 for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (d); i++)
367 w->flt64_cnt += var_flt64_cnt (dict_get_var (d, i));
369 hdr.nominal_case_size = w->flt64_cnt;
371 hdr.compress = w->compress;
373 if (dict_get_weight (d) != NULL)
375 struct variable *weight_var;
376 int recalc_weight_idx = 1;
379 weight_var = dict_get_weight (d);
382 struct variable *v = dict_get_var (d, i);
385 recalc_weight_idx += var_flt64_cnt (v);
387 hdr.weight_idx = recalc_weight_idx;
393 hdr.bias = COMPRESSION_BIAS;
395 if (time (&t) == (time_t) -1)
397 memcpy (hdr.creation_date, "01 Jan 70", 9);
398 memcpy (hdr.creation_time, "00:00:00", 8);
402 static const char *month_name[12] =
404 "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
405 "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec",
407 struct tm *tmp = localtime (&t);
408 int day = rerange (tmp->tm_mday);
409 int mon = rerange (tmp->tm_mon + 1);
410 int year = rerange (tmp->tm_year);
411 int hour = rerange (tmp->tm_hour + 1);
412 int min = rerange (tmp->tm_min + 1);
413 int sec = rerange (tmp->tm_sec + 1);
416 sprintf (buf, "%02d %s %02d", day, month_name[mon - 1], year);
417 memcpy (hdr.creation_date, buf, sizeof hdr.creation_date);
418 sprintf (buf, "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour - 1, min - 1, sec - 1);
419 memcpy (hdr.creation_time, buf, sizeof hdr.creation_time);
423 const char *label = dict_get_label (d);
427 buf_copy_str_rpad (hdr.file_label, sizeof hdr.file_label, label);
430 memset (hdr.padding, 0, sizeof hdr.padding);
432 buf_write (w, &hdr, sizeof hdr);
435 /* Translates format spec from internal form in SRC to system file
438 write_format_spec (const struct fmt_spec *src, int32_t *dest)
440 assert(check_output_specifier(src, true));
441 *dest = (formats[src->type].spss << 16) | (src->w << 8) | src->d;
444 /* Write the variable record(s) for primary variable P and secondary
445 variable S to system file W. */
447 write_variable (struct sfm_writer *w, const struct variable *v)
449 struct sysfile_variable sv;
451 /* Missing values. */
452 struct missing_values mv;
453 flt64 m[3]; /* Missing value values. */
454 int nm; /* Number of missing values, possibly negative. */
457 sv.type = min(v->width, MAX_LONG_STRING);
458 sv.has_var_label = (v->label != NULL);
460 mv_copy (&mv, &v->miss);
462 if (mv_has_range (&mv))
465 mv_pop_range (&mv, &x, &y);
466 m[nm++] = x == LOWEST ? second_lowest_flt64 : x;
467 m[nm++] = y == HIGHEST ? FLT64_MAX : y;
469 while (mv_has_value (&mv))
472 mv_pop_value (&mv, &value);
473 if (v->type == NUMERIC)
476 buf_copy_rpad ((char *) &m[nm], sizeof m[nm], value.s, v->width);
479 if (mv_has_range (&v->miss))
482 sv.n_missing_values = nm;
483 write_format_spec (&v->print, &sv.print);
484 write_format_spec (&v->write, &sv.write);
485 buf_copy_str_rpad (sv.name, sizeof sv.name, v->short_name);
486 buf_write (w, &sv, sizeof sv);
499 l.label_len = min (strlen (v->label), 255);
500 ext_len = ROUND_UP (l.label_len, sizeof l.label_len);
501 memcpy (l.label, v->label, l.label_len);
502 memset (&l.label[l.label_len], ' ', ext_len - l.label_len);
504 buf_write (w, &l, offsetof (struct label, label) + ext_len);
508 buf_write (w, m, sizeof *m * abs (nm));
510 if (v->type == ALPHA && v->width > (int) sizeof (flt64))
516 sv.has_var_label = 0;
517 sv.n_missing_values = 0;
518 memset (&sv.print, 0, sizeof sv.print);
519 memset (&sv.write, 0, sizeof sv.write);
520 memset (&sv.name, 0, sizeof sv.name);
522 pad_count = DIV_RND_UP (min(v->width, MAX_LONG_STRING),
523 (int) sizeof (flt64)) - 1;
524 for (i = 0; i < pad_count; i++)
525 buf_write (w, &sv, sizeof sv);
529 /* Writes the value labels for variable V having system file
530 variable index IDX to system file W. */
532 write_value_labels (struct sfm_writer *w, struct variable *v, int idx)
534 struct value_label_rec
548 struct val_labs_iterator *i;
549 struct value_label_rec *vlr;
550 struct var_idx_rec vir;
555 if (!val_labs_count (v->val_labs))
558 /* Pass 1: Count bytes. */
559 vlr_size = (sizeof (struct value_label_rec)
560 + sizeof (flt64) * (val_labs_count (v->val_labs) - 1));
561 for (vl = val_labs_first (v->val_labs, &i); vl != NULL;
562 vl = val_labs_next (v->val_labs, &i))
563 vlr_size += ROUND_UP (strlen (vl->label) + 1, sizeof (flt64));
565 /* Pass 2: Copy bytes. */
566 vlr = xmalloc (vlr_size);
568 vlr->n_labels = val_labs_count (v->val_labs);
570 for (vl = val_labs_first_sorted (v->val_labs, &i); vl != NULL;
571 vl = val_labs_next (v->val_labs, &i))
573 size_t len = strlen (vl->label);
575 *loc++ = vl->value.f;
576 *(unsigned char *) loc = len;
577 memcpy (&((char *) loc)[1], vl->label, len);
578 memset (&((char *) loc)[1 + len], ' ',
579 REM_RND_UP (len + 1, sizeof (flt64)));
580 loc += DIV_RND_UP (len + 1, sizeof (flt64));
583 buf_write (w, vlr, vlr_size);
588 vir.vars[0] = idx + 1;
589 buf_write (w, &vir, sizeof vir);
592 /* Writes record type 6, document record. */
594 write_documents (struct sfm_writer *w, const struct dictionary *d)
598 int32_t rec_type P; /* Always 6. */
599 int32_t n_lines P; /* Number of lines of documents. */
603 const char *documents;
606 documents = dict_get_documents (d);
607 n_lines = strlen (documents) / 80;
610 rec_6.n_lines = n_lines;
611 buf_write (w, &rec_6, sizeof rec_6);
612 buf_write (w, documents, 80 * n_lines);
615 /* Write the alignment, width and scale values */
617 write_variable_display_parameters (struct sfm_writer *w,
618 const struct dictionary *dict)
630 vdp_hdr.rec_type = 7;
631 vdp_hdr.subtype = 11;
632 vdp_hdr.elem_size = 4;
633 vdp_hdr.n_elem = w->var_cnt_vls * 3;
635 buf_write (w, &vdp_hdr, sizeof vdp_hdr);
637 for ( i = 0 ; i < w->var_cnt ; ++i )
648 v = dict_get_var(dict, i);
650 params.measure = v->measure;
651 params.width = v->display_width;
652 params.align = v->alignment;
654 buf_write (w, ¶ms, sizeof(params));
656 if ( v->width > MAX_LONG_STRING )
658 int wcount = v->width - EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH ;
662 params.width = wcount > MAX_LONG_STRING ? 32 : wcount;
664 buf_write (w, ¶ms, sizeof(params));
666 wcount -= EFFECTIVE_LONG_STRING_LENGTH ;
672 /* Writes the table of lengths for Very Long String Variables */
674 write_vls_length_table (struct sfm_writer *w,
675 const struct dictionary *dict)
687 struct string vls_length_map;
689 ds_init_empty (&vls_length_map);
691 vls_hdr.rec_type = 7;
692 vls_hdr.subtype = 14;
693 vls_hdr.elem_size = 1;
696 for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (dict); ++i)
698 const struct variable *v = dict_get_var (dict, i);
700 if ( v->width <= MAX_LONG_STRING )
703 ds_put_format (&vls_length_map, "%s=%05d", v->short_name, v->width);
704 ds_put_char (&vls_length_map, '\0');
705 ds_put_char (&vls_length_map, '\t');
708 vls_hdr.n_elem = ds_length (&vls_length_map);
710 if ( vls_hdr.n_elem > 0 )
712 buf_write (w, &vls_hdr, sizeof vls_hdr);
713 buf_write (w, ds_data (&vls_length_map), ds_length (&vls_length_map));
716 ds_destroy (&vls_length_map);
719 /* Writes the long variable name table */
721 write_longvar_table (struct sfm_writer *w, const struct dictionary *dict)
732 struct string long_name_map;
735 ds_init_empty (&long_name_map);
736 for (i = 0; i < dict_get_var_cnt (dict); i++)
738 struct variable *v = dict_get_var (dict, i);
741 ds_put_char (&long_name_map, '\t');
742 ds_put_format (&long_name_map, "%s=%s", v->short_name, v->name);
747 lv_hdr.elem_size = 1;
748 lv_hdr.n_elem = ds_length (&long_name_map);
750 buf_write (w, &lv_hdr, sizeof lv_hdr);
751 buf_write (w, ds_data (&long_name_map), ds_length (&long_name_map));
753 ds_destroy (&long_name_map);
756 /* Writes record type 7, subtypes 3 and 4. */
758 write_rec_7_34 (struct sfm_writer *w)
762 int32_t rec_type_3 P;
764 int32_t data_type_3 P;
767 int32_t rec_type_4 P;
769 int32_t data_type_4 P;
775 /* Components of the version number, from major to minor. */
776 int version_component[3];
778 /* Used to step through the version string. */
781 /* Parses the version string, which is assumed to be of the form
782 #.#x, where each # is a string of digits, and x is a single
784 version_component[0] = strtol (bare_version, &p, 10);
787 version_component[1] = strtol (bare_version, &p, 10);
788 version_component[2] = (isalpha ((unsigned char) *p)
789 ? tolower ((unsigned char) *p) - 'a' : 0);
791 rec_7.rec_type_3 = 7;
793 rec_7.data_type_3 = sizeof (int32_t);
795 rec_7.elem_3[0] = version_component[0];
796 rec_7.elem_3[1] = version_component[1];
797 rec_7.elem_3[2] = version_component[2];
798 rec_7.elem_3[3] = -1;
800 /* PORTME: 1=IEEE754, 2=IBM 370, 3=DEC VAX E. */
807 /* PORTME: 1=big-endian, 2=little-endian. */
814 /* PORTME: 1=EBCDIC, 2=7-bit ASCII, 3=8-bit ASCII, 4=DEC Kanji. */
817 rec_7.rec_type_4 = 7;
819 rec_7.data_type_4 = sizeof (flt64);
821 rec_7.elem_4[0] = -FLT64_MAX;
822 rec_7.elem_4[1] = FLT64_MAX;
823 rec_7.elem_4[2] = second_lowest_flt64;
825 buf_write (w, &rec_7, sizeof rec_7);
828 /* Write NBYTES starting at BUF to the system file represented by
831 buf_write (struct sfm_writer *w, const void *buf, size_t nbytes)
833 assert (buf != NULL);
834 fwrite (buf, nbytes, 1, w->file);
837 /* Copies string DEST to SRC with the proviso that DEST does not reach
838 byte END; no null terminator is copied. Returns a pointer to the
839 byte after the last byte copied. */
841 append_string_max (char *dest, const char *src, const char *end)
843 int nbytes = min (end - dest, (int) strlen (src));
844 memcpy (dest, src, nbytes);
845 return dest + nbytes;
848 /* Makes certain that the compression buffer of H has room for another
849 element. If there's not room, pads out the current instruction
850 octet with zero and dumps out the buffer. */
852 ensure_buf_space (struct sfm_writer *w)
854 if (w->ptr >= w->end)
856 memset (w->x, 0, w->y - w->x);
859 buf_write (w, w->buf, sizeof *w->buf * 128);
863 static void write_compressed_data (struct sfm_writer *w, const flt64 *elem);
865 /* Writes case C to system file W.
866 Returns 1 if successful, 0 if an I/O error occurred. */
868 sfm_write_case (struct sfm_writer *w, const struct ccase *c)
870 if (ferror (w->file))
875 if (!w->needs_translation && !w->compress
876 && sizeof (flt64) == sizeof (union value) && ! w->has_vls )
878 /* Fast path: external and internal representations are the
879 same and the dictionary is properly ordered. Write
881 buf_write (w, case_data_all (c), sizeof (union value) * w->flt64_cnt);
885 /* Slow path: internal and external representations differ.
886 Write into a bounce buffer, then write to W. */
893 bounce_size = sizeof *bounce * w->flt64_cnt;
894 bounce = bounce_cur = local_alloc (bounce_size);
895 bounce_end = bounce + bounce_size;
897 for (i = 0; i < w->var_cnt; i++)
899 struct sfm_var *v = &w->vars[i];
901 memset(bounce_cur, ' ', v->flt64_cnt * sizeof (flt64));
905 *bounce_cur = case_num (c, v->fv);
906 bounce_cur += v->flt64_cnt;
910 while (ofs < v->width)
912 int chunk = MIN (MAX_LONG_STRING, v->width - ofs);
913 int nv = DIV_RND_UP (chunk, sizeof (flt64));
914 buf_copy_rpad ((char *) bounce_cur, nv * sizeof (flt64),
915 case_data (c, v->fv)->s + ofs, chunk);
924 buf_write (w, bounce, bounce_size);
926 write_compressed_data (w, bounce);
931 return !sfm_write_error (w);
935 put_instruction (struct sfm_writer *w, unsigned char instruction)
939 ensure_buf_space (w);
940 w->x = (unsigned char *) w->ptr++;
941 w->y = (unsigned char *) w->ptr;
943 *w->x++ = instruction;
947 put_element (struct sfm_writer *w, const flt64 *elem)
949 ensure_buf_space (w);
950 memcpy (w->ptr++, elem, sizeof *elem);
954 write_compressed_data (struct sfm_writer *w, const flt64 *elem)
958 for (i = 0; i < w->var_cnt; i++)
960 struct sfm_var *v = &w->vars[i];
964 if (*elem == -FLT64_MAX)
965 put_instruction (w, 255);
966 else if (*elem >= 1 - COMPRESSION_BIAS
967 && *elem <= 251 - COMPRESSION_BIAS
968 && *elem == (int) *elem)
969 put_instruction (w, (int) *elem + COMPRESSION_BIAS);
972 put_instruction (w, 253);
973 put_element (w, elem);
981 for (j = 0; j < v->flt64_cnt; j++, elem++)
983 if (!memcmp (elem, " ", sizeof (flt64)))
984 put_instruction (w, 254);
987 put_instruction (w, 253);
988 put_element (w, elem);
995 /* Returns true if an I/O error has occurred on WRITER, false otherwise. */
997 sfm_write_error (const struct sfm_writer *writer)
999 return ferror (writer->file);
1002 /* Closes a system file after we're done with it.
1003 Returns true if successful, false if an I/O error occurred. */
1005 sfm_close_writer (struct sfm_writer *w)
1013 if (w->file != NULL)
1016 if (w->buf != NULL && w->ptr > w->buf)
1018 memset (w->x, 0, w->y - w->x);
1019 buf_write (w, w->buf, (w->ptr - w->buf) * sizeof *w->buf);
1023 ok = !sfm_write_error (w);
1025 /* Seek back to the beginning and update the number of cases.
1026 This is just a courtesy to later readers, so there's no need
1027 to check return values or report errors. */
1028 if (ok && !fseek (w->file, offsetof (struct sysfile_header, case_cnt),
1031 int32_t case_cnt = w->case_cnt;
1032 fwrite (&case_cnt, sizeof case_cnt, 1, w->file);
1036 if (fclose (w->file) == EOF)
1040 msg (ME, _("An I/O error occurred writing system file \"%s\"."),
1041 fh_get_file_name (w->fh));
1044 fh_close (w->fh, "system file", "we");