1 @node System and Portable File IO
2 @chapter System and Portable File I/O
4 The commands in this chapter read, write, and examine system files and
8 * APPLY DICTIONARY:: Apply system file dictionary to active dataset.
9 * EXPORT:: Write to a portable file.
10 * GET:: Read from a system file.
11 * GET DATA:: Read from foreign files.
12 * IMPORT:: Read from a portable file.
13 * SAVE:: Write to a system file.
14 * SAVE TRANSLATE:: Write data in foreign file formats.
15 * SYSFILE INFO:: Display system file dictionary.
16 * XEXPORT:: Write to a portable file, as a transformation.
17 * XSAVE:: Write to a system file, as a transformation.
20 @node APPLY DICTIONARY
21 @section APPLY DICTIONARY
22 @vindex APPLY DICTIONARY
25 APPLY DICTIONARY FROM=@{'file-name',file_handle@}.
28 @cmd{APPLY DICTIONARY} applies the variable labels, value labels,
29 and missing values taken from a file to corresponding
30 variables in the active dataset. In some cases it also updates the
33 Specify a system file or portable file's name, a data set name
34 (@pxref{Datasets}), or a file handle name (@pxref{File Handles}). The
35 dictionary in the file will be read, but it will not replace the
36 active dataset's dictionary. The file's data will not be read.
38 Only variables with names that exist in both the active dataset and the
39 system file are considered. Variables with the same name but different
40 types (numeric, string) will cause an error message. Otherwise, the
41 system file variables' attributes will replace those in their matching
42 active dataset variables:
46 If a system file variable has a variable label, then it will replace
47 the variable label of the active dataset variable. If the system
48 file variable does not have a variable label, then the active dataset
49 variable's variable label, if any, will be retained.
52 If the system file variable has custom attributes (@pxref{VARIABLE
53 ATTRIBUTE}), then those attributes replace the active dataset variable's
54 custom attributes. If the system file variable does not have custom
55 attributes, then the active dataset variable's custom attributes, if any,
59 If the active dataset variable is numeric or short string, then value
60 labels and missing values, if any, will be copied to the active dataset
61 variable. If the system file variable does not have value labels or
62 missing values, then those in the active dataset variable, if any, will not
66 In addition to properties of variables, some properties of the active
67 file dictionary as a whole are updated:
71 If the system file has custom attributes (@pxref{DATAFILE ATTRIBUTE}),
72 then those attributes replace the active dataset variable's custom
76 If the active dataset has a weighting variable (@pxref{WEIGHT}), and the
77 system file does not, or if the weighting variable in the system file
78 does not exist in the active dataset, then the active dataset weighting
79 variable, if any, is retained. Otherwise, the weighting variable in
80 the system file becomes the active dataset weighting variable.
83 @cmd{APPLY DICTIONARY} takes effect immediately. It does not read the
84 active dataset. The system file is not modified.
93 /UNSELECTED=@{RETAIN,DELETE@}
97 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
102 The @cmd{EXPORT} procedure writes the active dataset's dictionary and
103 data to a specified portable file.
105 By default, cases excluded with FILTER are written to the
106 file. These can be excluded by specifying DELETE on the UNSELECTED
107 subcommand. Specifying RETAIN makes the default explicit.
109 Portable files express real numbers in base 30. Integers are always
110 expressed to the maximum precision needed to make them exact.
111 Non-integers are, by default, expressed to the machine's maximum
112 natural precision (approximately 15 decimal digits on many machines).
113 If many numbers require this many digits, the portable file may
114 significantly increase in size. As an alternative, the DIGITS
115 subcommand may be used to specify the number of decimal digits of
116 precision to write. DIGITS applies only to non-integers.
118 The OUTFILE subcommand, which is the only required subcommand, specifies
119 the portable file to be written as a file name string or
120 a file handle (@pxref{File Handles}).
122 DROP, KEEP, and RENAME follow the same format as the SAVE procedure
125 The TYPE subcommand specifies the character set for use in the
126 portable file. Its value is currently not used.
128 The MAP subcommand is currently ignored.
130 @cmd{EXPORT} is a procedure. It causes the active dataset to be read.
138 /FILE=@{'file-name',file_handle@}
141 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
144 @cmd{GET} clears the current dictionary and active dataset and
145 replaces them with the dictionary and data from a specified file.
147 The FILE subcommand is the only required subcommand. Specify the system
148 file or portable file to be read as a string file name or
149 a file handle (@pxref{File Handles}).
151 By default, all the variables in a file are read. The DROP
152 subcommand can be used to specify a list of variables that are not to be
153 read. By contrast, the KEEP subcommand can be used to specify variable
154 that are to be read, with all other variables not read.
156 Normally variables in a file retain the names that they were
157 saved under. Use the RENAME subcommand to change these names. Specify,
158 within parentheses, a list of variable names followed by an equals sign
159 (@samp{=}) and the names that they should be renamed to. Multiple
160 parenthesized groups of variable names can be included on a single
161 RENAME subcommand. Variables' names may be swapped using a RENAME
162 subcommand of the form @samp{/RENAME=(A B=B A)}.
164 Alternate syntax for the RENAME subcommand allows the parentheses to be
165 eliminated. When this is done, only a single variable may be renamed at
166 once. For instance, @samp{/RENAME=A=B}. This alternate syntax is
169 DROP, KEEP, and RENAME are executed in left-to-right order.
170 Each may be present any number of times. @cmd{GET} never modifies a
171 file on disk. Only the active dataset read from the file
172 is affected by these subcommands.
174 @cmd{GET} does not cause the data to be read, only the dictionary. The data
175 is read later, when a procedure is executed.
177 Use of @cmd{GET} to read a portable file is a PSPP extension.
185 /TYPE=@{GNM,PSQL,TXT@}
186 @dots{}additional subcommands depending on TYPE@dots{}
189 The @cmd{GET DATA} command is used to read files and other data
190 sources created by other applications. When this command is executed,
191 the current dictionary and active dataset are replaced with variables
192 and data read from the specified source.
194 The TYPE subcommand is mandatory and must be the first subcommand
195 specified. It determines the type of the file or source to read.
196 PSPP currently supports the following file types:
200 Spreadsheet files created by Gnumeric (@url{http://gnumeric.org}).
203 Relations from PostgreSQL databases (@url{http://postgresql.org}).
206 Textual data files in columnar and delimited formats.
209 Each supported file type has additional subcommands, explained in
210 separate sections below.
213 * GET DATA /TYPE=GNM::
214 * GET DATA /TYPE=PSQL::
215 * GET DATA /TYPE=TXT::
218 @node GET DATA /TYPE=GNM
219 @subsection Gnumeric Spreadsheet Files
223 /FILE=@{'file-name'@}
224 /SHEET=@{NAME 'sheet-name', INDEX n@}
225 /CELLRANGE=@{RANGE 'range', FULL@}
226 /READNAMES=@{ON, OFF@}
231 @cindex spreadsheet files
232 To use GET DATA to read a spreadsheet file created by Gnumeric
233 (@url{http://gnumeric.org}), specify TYPE=GNM to indicate the file's
234 format and use FILE to indicate the Gnumeric file to be read. All
235 other subcommands are optional.
237 The format of each variable is determined by the format of the spreadsheet
238 cell containing the first datum for the variable.
239 If this cell is of string (text) format, then the width of the variable is
240 determined from the length of the string it contains, unless the
241 ASSUMEDVARWIDTH subcommand is given.
244 The FILE subcommand is mandatory. Specify the name of the file
247 The SHEET subcommand specifies the sheet within the spreadsheet file to read.
248 There are two forms of the SHEET subcommand.
250 @samp{/SHEET=name @var{sheet-name}}, the string @var{sheet-name} is the
251 name of the sheet to read.
252 In the second form, @samp{/SHEET=index @var{idx}}, @var{idx} is a
253 integer which is the index of the sheet to read.
254 The first sheet has the index 1.
255 If the SHEET subcommand is omitted, then the command will read the
256 first sheet in the file.
258 The CELLRANGE subcommand specifies the range of cells within the sheet to read.
259 If the subcommand is given as @samp{/CELLRANGE=FULL}, then the entire
261 To read only part of a sheet, use the form
262 @samp{/CELLRANGE=range '@var{top-left-cell}:@var{bottom-right-cell}'}.
263 For example, the subcommand @samp{/CELLRANGE=range 'C3:P19'} reads
264 columns C--P, and rows 3--19 inclusive.
265 If no CELLRANGE subcommand is given, then the entire sheet is read.
267 If @samp{/READNAMES=ON} is specified, then the contents of cells of
268 the first row are used as the names of the variables in which to store
269 the data from subsequent rows.
270 If the READNAMES command is omitted, or if @samp{/READNAMES=OFF} is
271 used, then the variables receive automatically assigned names.
273 The ASSUMEDVARWIDTH subcommand specifies the maximum width of string
274 variables read from the file.
275 If omitted, the default value is determined from the length of the
276 string in the first spreadsheet cell for each variable.
279 @node GET DATA /TYPE=PSQL
280 @subsection Postgres Database Queries
284 /CONNECT=@{connection info@}
294 The PSQL type is used to import data from a postgres database server.
295 The server may be located locally or remotely.
296 Variables are automatically created based on the table column names
297 or the names specified in the SQL query.
298 Postgres data types of high precision, will loose precision when
300 Not all the postgres data types are able to be represented in PSPP.
301 If a datum cannot be represented a warning will be issued and that
302 datum will be set to SYSMIS.
304 The CONNECT subcommand is mandatory.
305 It is a string specifying the parameters of the database server from
306 which the data should be fetched.
307 The format of the string is given in the postgres manual
308 @url{http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.0/static/libpq.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT}.
310 The SQL subcommand is mandatory.
311 It must be a valid SQL string to retrieve data from the database.
313 The ASSUMEDVARWIDTH subcommand specifies the maximum width of string
314 variables read from the database.
315 If omitted, the default value is determined from the length of the
316 string in the first value read for each variable.
318 The UNENCRYPTED subcommand allows data to be retrieved over an insecure
320 If the connection is not encrypted, and the UNENCRYPTED subcommand is not
321 given, then an error will occur.
322 Whether or not the connection is
323 encrypted depends upon the underlying psql library and the
324 capabilities of the database server.
326 The BSIZE subcommand serves only to optimise the speed of data transfer.
327 It specifies an upper limit on
328 number of cases to fetch from the database at once.
329 The default value is 4096.
330 If your SQL statement fetches a large number of cases but only a small number of
331 variables, then the data transfer may be faster if you increase this value.
332 Conversely, if the number of variables is large, or if the machine on which
333 PSPP is running has only a
334 small amount of memory, then a smaller value will be better.
337 The following syntax is an example:
340 /CONNECT='host=example.com port=5432 dbname=product user=fred passwd=xxxx'
341 /SQL='select * from manufacturer'.
345 @node GET DATA /TYPE=TXT
346 @subsection Textual Data Files
350 /FILE=@{'file-name',file_handle@}
351 [/ARRANGEMENT=@{DELIMITED,FIXED@}]
352 [/FIRSTCASE=@{first_case@}]
353 [/IMPORTCASE=@{ALL,FIRST max_cases,PERCENT percent@}]
354 @dots{}additional subcommands depending on ARRANGEMENT@dots{}
359 When TYPE=TXT is specified, GET DATA reads data in a delimited or
360 fixed columnar format, much like DATA LIST (@pxref{DATA LIST}).
362 The FILE subcommand is mandatory. Specify the file to be read as
363 a string file name or (for textual data
364 only) a file handle (@pxref{File Handles}).
366 The ARRANGEMENT subcommand determines the file's basic format.
367 DELIMITED, the default setting, specifies that fields in the input
368 data are separated by spaces, tabs, or other user-specified
369 delimiters. FIXED specifies that fields in the input data appear at
370 particular fixed column positions within records of a case.
372 By default, cases are read from the input file starting from the first
373 line. To skip lines at the beginning of an input file, set FIRSTCASE
374 to the number of the first line to read: 2 to skip the first line, 3
375 to skip the first two lines, and so on.
377 IMPORTCASE can be used to limit the number of cases read from the
378 input file. With the default setting, ALL, all cases in the file are
379 read. Specify FIRST @i{max_cases} to read at most @i{max_cases} cases
380 from the file. Use PERCENT @i{percent} to read only @i{percent}
381 percent, approximately, of the cases contained in the file. (The
382 percentage is approximate, because there is no way to accurately count
383 the number of cases in the file without reading the entire file. The
384 number of cases in some kinds of unusual files cannot be estimated;
385 PSPP will read all cases in such files.)
387 FIRSTCASE and IMPORTCASE may be used with delimited and fixed-format
388 data. The remaining subcommands, which apply only to one of the two file
389 arrangements, are described below.
392 * GET DATA /TYPE=TXT /ARRANGEMENT=DELIMITED::
393 * GET DATA /TYPE=TXT /ARRANGEMENT=FIXED::
396 @node GET DATA /TYPE=TXT /ARRANGEMENT=DELIMITED
397 @subsubsection Reading Delimited Data
401 /FILE=@{'file-name',file_handle@}
402 [/ARRANGEMENT=@{DELIMITED,FIXED@}]
403 [/FIRSTCASE=@{first_case@}]
404 [/IMPORTCASE=@{ALL,FIRST max_cases,PERCENT percent@}]
406 /DELIMITERS="delimiters"
407 [/QUALIFIER="quotes" [/ESCAPE]]
408 [/DELCASE=@{LINE,VARIABLES n_variables@}]
409 /VARIABLES=del_var [del_var]@dots{}
410 where each del_var takes the form:
414 The GET DATA command with TYPE=TXT and ARRANGEMENT=DELIMITED reads
415 input data from text files in delimited format, where fields are
416 separated by a set of user-specified delimiters. Its capabilities are
417 similar to those of DATA LIST FREE (@pxref{DATA LIST FREE}), with a
420 The required FILE subcommand and optional FIRSTCASE and IMPORTCASE
421 subcommands are described above (@pxref{GET DATA /TYPE=TXT}).
423 DELIMITERS, which is required, specifies the set of characters that
424 may separate fields. Each character in the string specified on
425 DELIMITERS separates one field from the next. The end of a line also
426 separates fields, regardless of DELIMITERS. Two consecutive
427 delimiters in the input yield an empty field, as does a delimiter at
428 the end of a line. A space character as a delimiter is an exception:
429 consecutive spaces do not yield an empty field and neither does any
430 number of spaces at the end of a line.
432 To use a tab as a delimiter, specify @samp{\t} at the beginning of the
433 DELIMITERS string. To use a backslash as a delimiter, specify
434 @samp{\\} as the first delimiter or, if a tab should also be a
435 delimiter, immediately following @samp{\t}. To read a data file in
436 which each field appears on a separate line, specify the empty string
439 The optional QUALIFIER subcommand names one or more characters that
440 can be used to quote values within fields in the input. A field that
441 begins with one of the specified quote characters ends at the next
442 matching quote. Intervening delimiters become part of the field,
443 instead of terminating it. The ability to specify more than one quote
444 character is a PSPP extension.
446 By default, a character specified on QUALIFIER cannot itself be
447 embedded within a field that it quotes, because the quote character
448 always terminates the quoted field. With ESCAPE, however, a doubled
449 quote character within a quoted field inserts a single instance of the
450 quote into the field. For example, if @samp{'} is specified on
451 QUALIFIER, then without ESCAPE @code{'a''b'} specifies a pair of
452 fields that contain @samp{a} and @samp{b}, but with ESCAPE it
453 specifies a single field that contains @samp{a'b}. ESCAPE is a PSPP
456 The DELCASE subcommand controls how data may be broken across lines in
457 the data file. With LINE, the default setting, each line must contain
458 all the data for exactly one case. For additional flexibility, to
459 allow a single case to be split among lines or multiple cases to be
460 contained on a single line, specify VARIABLES @i{n_variables}, where
461 @i{n_variables} is the number of variables per case.
463 The VARIABLES subcommand is required and must be the last subcommand.
464 Specify the name of each variable and its input format (@pxref{Input
465 and Output Formats}) in the order they should be read from the input
468 @subsubheading Examples
471 On a Unix-like system, the @samp{/etc/passwd} file has a format
475 root:$1$nyeSP5gD$pDq/:0:0:,,,:/root:/bin/bash
476 blp:$1$BrP/pFg4$g7OG:1000:1000:Ben Pfaff,,,:/home/blp:/bin/bash
477 john:$1$JBuq/Fioq$g4A:1001:1001:John Darrington,,,:/home/john:/bin/bash
478 jhs:$1$D3li4hPL$88X1:1002:1002:Jason Stover,,,:/home/jhs:/bin/csh
482 The following syntax reads a file in the format used by
485 @c If you change this example, change the regression test in
486 @c tests/language/data-io/get-data.at to match.
488 GET DATA /TYPE=TXT /FILE='/etc/passwd' /DELIMITERS=':'
489 /VARIABLES=username A20
499 Consider the following data on used cars:
502 model year mileage price type age
503 Civic 2002 29883 15900 Si 2
504 Civic 2003 13415 15900 EX 1
505 Civic 1992 107000 3800 n/a 12
506 Accord 2002 26613 17900 EX 1
510 The following syntax can be used to read the used car data:
512 @c If you change this example, change the regression test in
513 @c tests/language/data-io/get-data.at to match.
515 GET DATA /TYPE=TXT /FILE='cars.data' /DELIMITERS=' ' /FIRSTCASE=2
525 Consider the following information on animals in a pet store:
528 'Pet''s Name', "Age", "Color", "Date Received", "Price", "Height", "Type"
529 , (Years), , , (Dollars), ,
530 "Rover", 4.5, Brown, "12 Feb 2004", 80, '1''4"', "Dog"
531 "Charlie", , Gold, "5 Apr 2007", 12.3, "3""", "Fish"
532 "Molly", 2, Black, "12 Dec 2006", 25, '5"', "Cat"
533 "Gilly", , White, "10 Apr 2007", 10, "3""", "Guinea Pig"
537 The following syntax can be used to read the pet store data:
539 @c If you change this example, change the regression test in
540 @c tests/language/data-io/get-data.at to match.
542 GET DATA /TYPE=TXT /FILE='pets.data' /DELIMITERS=', ' /QUALIFIER='''"' /ESCAPE
553 @node GET DATA /TYPE=TXT /ARRANGEMENT=FIXED
554 @subsubsection Reading Fixed Columnar Data
558 /FILE=@{'file-name',file_handle@}
559 [/ARRANGEMENT=@{DELIMITED,FIXED@}]
560 [/FIRSTCASE=@{first_case@}]
561 [/IMPORTCASE=@{ALL,FIRST max_cases,PERCENT percent@}]
564 /VARIABLES fixed_var [fixed_var]@dots{}
565 [/rec# fixed_var [fixed_var]@dots{}]@dots{}
566 where each fixed_var takes the form:
567 variable start-end format
570 The GET DATA command with TYPE=TXT and ARRANGEMENT=FIXED reads input
571 data from text files in fixed format, where each field is located in
572 particular fixed column positions within records of a case. Its
573 capabilities are similar to those of DATA LIST FIXED (@pxref{DATA LIST
574 FIXED}), with a few enhancements.
576 The required FILE subcommand and optional FIRSTCASE and IMPORTCASE
577 subcommands are described above (@pxref{GET DATA /TYPE=TXT}).
579 The optional FIXCASE subcommand may be used to specify the positive
580 integer number of input lines that make up each case. The default
583 The VARIABLES subcommand, which is required, specifies the positions
584 at which each variable can be found. For each variable, specify its
585 name, followed by its start and end column separated by @samp{-}
586 (e.g.@: @samp{0-9}), followed by the input format type (e.g.@:
587 @samp{F}). For this command, columns are numbered starting from 0 at
588 the left column. Introduce the variables in the second and later
589 lines of a case by a slash followed by the number of the line within
590 the case, e.g.@: @samp{/2} for the second line.
592 @subsubheading Examples
595 Consider the following data on used cars:
598 model year mileage price type age
599 Civic 2002 29883 15900 Si 2
600 Civic 2003 13415 15900 EX 1
601 Civic 1992 107000 3800 n/a 12
602 Accord 2002 26613 17900 EX 1
606 The following syntax can be used to read the used car data:
608 @c If you change this example, change the regression test in
609 @c tests/language/data-io/get-data.at to match.
611 GET DATA /TYPE=TXT /FILE='cars.data' /ARRANGEMENT=FIXED /FIRSTCASE=2
612 /VARIABLES=model 0-7 A
630 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
633 The @cmd{IMPORT} transformation clears the active dataset dictionary and
635 replaces them with a dictionary and data from a system file or
638 The FILE subcommand, which is the only required subcommand, specifies
639 the portable file to be read as a file name string or a file handle
640 (@pxref{File Handles}).
642 The TYPE subcommand is currently not used.
644 DROP, KEEP, and RENAME follow the syntax used by @cmd{GET} (@pxref{GET}).
646 @cmd{IMPORT} does not cause the data to be read, only the dictionary. The
647 data is read later, when a procedure is executed.
649 Use of @cmd{IMPORT} to read a system file is a PSPP extension.
657 /OUTFILE=@{'file-name',file_handle@}
658 /UNSELECTED=@{RETAIN,DELETE@}
659 /@{COMPRESSED,UNCOMPRESSED@}
660 /PERMISSIONS=@{WRITEABLE,READONLY@}
664 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
669 The @cmd{SAVE} procedure causes the dictionary and data in the active
671 be written to a system file.
673 OUTFILE is the only required subcommand. Specify the system file
674 to be written as a string file name or a file handle
675 (@pxref{File Handles}).
677 By default, cases excluded with FILTER are written to the system file.
678 These can be excluded by specifying DELETE on the UNSELECTED
679 subcommand. Specifying RETAIN makes the default explicit.
681 The COMPRESS and UNCOMPRESS subcommand determine whether the saved
682 system file is compressed. By default, system files are compressed.
683 This default can be changed with the SET command (@pxref{SET}).
685 The PERMISSIONS subcommand specifies permissions for the new system
686 file. WRITEABLE, the default, creates the file with read and write
687 permission. READONLY creates the file for read-only access.
689 By default, all the variables in the active dataset dictionary are written
690 to the system file. The DROP subcommand can be used to specify a list
691 of variables not to be written. In contrast, KEEP specifies variables
692 to be written, with all variables not specified not written.
694 Normally variables are saved to a system file under the same names they
695 have in the active dataset. Use the RENAME subcommand to change these names.
696 Specify, within parentheses, a list of variable names followed by an
697 equals sign (@samp{=}) and the names that they should be renamed to.
698 Multiple parenthesized groups of variable names can be included on a
699 single RENAME subcommand. Variables' names may be swapped using a
700 RENAME subcommand of the form @samp{/RENAME=(A B=B A)}.
702 Alternate syntax for the RENAME subcommand allows the parentheses to be
703 eliminated. When this is done, only a single variable may be renamed at
704 once. For instance, @samp{/RENAME=A=B}. This alternate syntax is
707 DROP, KEEP, and RENAME are performed in left-to-right order. They
708 each may be present any number of times. @cmd{SAVE} never modifies
709 the active dataset. DROP, KEEP, and RENAME only affect the system file
712 The VERSION subcommand specifies the version of the file format. Valid
713 versions are 2 and 3. The default version is 3. In version 2 system
714 files, variable names longer than 8 bytes will be truncated. The two
715 versions are otherwise identical.
717 The NAMES and MAP subcommands are currently ignored.
719 @cmd{SAVE} causes the data to be read. It is a procedure.
722 @section SAVE TRANSLATE
723 @vindex SAVE TRANSLATE
727 /OUTFILE=@{'file-name',file_handle@}
730 [/MISSING=@{IGNORE,RECODE@}]
734 [/RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}]
735 [/UNSELECTED=@{RETAIN,DELETE@}]
738 @dots{}additional subcommands depending on TYPE@dots{}
741 The @cmd{SAVE TRANSLATE} command is used to save data into various
742 formats understood by other applications.
744 The OUTFILE and TYPE subcommands are mandatory. OUTFILE specifies the
745 file to be written, as a string file name or a file handle
746 (@pxref{File Handles}). TYPE determines the type of the file or
747 source to read. It must be one of the following:
751 Comma-separated value format,
754 Tab-delimited format.
757 By default, SAVE TRANSLATE will not overwrite an existing file. Use
758 REPLACE to force an existing file to be overwritten.
760 With MISSING=IGNORE, the default, SAVE TRANSLATE treats user-missing
761 values as if they were not missing. Specify MISSING=RECODE to output
762 numeric user-missing values like system-missing values and string
763 user-missing values as all spaces.
765 By default, all the variables in the active dataset dictionary are saved
766 to the system file, but DROP or KEEP can select a subset of variable
767 to save. The RENAME subcommand can also be used to change the names
768 under which variables are saved. UNSELECTED determines whether cases
769 filtered out by the FILTER command are written to the output file.
770 These subcommands have the same syntax and meaning as on the
771 @cmd{SAVE} command (@pxref{SAVE}).
773 Each supported file type has additional subcommands, explained in
774 separate sections below.
776 @cmd{SAVE TRANSLATE} causes the data to be read. It is a procedure.
779 * SAVE TRANSLATE /TYPE=CSV and TYPE=TAB::
782 @node SAVE TRANSLATE /TYPE=CSV and TYPE=TAB
783 @subsection Writing Comma- and Tab-Separated Data Files
787 /OUTFILE=@{'file-name',file_handle@}
790 [/MISSING=@{IGNORE,RECODE@}]
794 [/RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}]
795 [/UNSELECTED=@{RETAIN,DELETE@}]
798 [/CELLS=@{VALUES,LABELS@}]
799 [/TEXTOPTIONS DELIMITER='delimiter']
800 [/TEXTOPTIONS QUALIFIER='qualifier']
801 [/TEXTOPTIONS DECIMAL=@{DOT,COMMA@}]
802 [/TEXTOPTIONS FORMAT=@{PLAIN,VARIABLE@}]
805 The SAVE TRANSLATE command with TYPE=CSV or TYPE=TAB writes data in a
806 comma- or tab-separated value format similar to that described by
807 RFC@tie{}4180. Each variable becomes one output column, and each case
808 becomes one line of output. If FIELDNAMES is specified, an additional
809 line at the top of the output file lists variable names.
811 The CELLS and TEXTOPTIONS FORMAT settings determine how values are
812 written to the output file:
815 @item CELLS=VALUES FORMAT=PLAIN (the default settings)
816 Writes variables to the output in ``plain'' formats that ignore the
817 details of variable formats. Numeric values are written as plain
818 decimal numbers with enough digits to indicate their exact values in
819 machine representation. Numeric values include @samp{e} followed by
820 an exponent if the exponent value would be less than -4 or greater
821 than 16. Dates are written in MM/DD/YYYY format and times in HH:MM:SS
822 format. WKDAY and MONTH values are written as decimal numbers.
824 Numeric values use, by default, the decimal point character set with
825 SET DECIMAL (@pxref{SET DECIMAL}). Use DECIMAL=DOT or DECIMAL=COMMA
826 to force a particular decimal point character.
828 @item CELLS=VALUES FORMAT=VARIABLE
829 Writes variables using their print formats. Leading and trailing
830 spaces are removed from numeric values, and trailing spaces are
831 removed from string values.
833 @item CELLS=LABEL FORMAT=PLAIN
834 @itemx CELLS=LABEL FORMAT=VARIABLE
835 Writes value labels where they exist, and otherwise writes the values
836 themselves as described above.
839 Regardless of CELLS and TEXTOPTIONS FORMAT, numeric system-missing
840 values are output as a single space.
842 For TYPE=TAB, tab characters delimit values. For TYPE=CSV, the
843 TEXTOPTIONS DELIMITER and DECIMAL settings determine the character
844 that separate values within a line. If DELIMITER is specified, then
845 the specified string separate values. If DELIMITER is not specified,
846 then the default is a comma with DECIMAL=DOT or a semicolon with
847 DECIMAL=COMMA. If DECIMAL is not given either, it is implied by the
848 decimal point character set with SET DECIMAL (@pxref{SET DECIMAL}).
850 The TEXTOPTIONS QUALIFIER setting specifies a character that is output
851 before and after a value that contains the delimiter character or the
852 qualifier character. The default is a double quote (@samp{@@}). A
853 qualifier character that appears within a value is doubled.
856 @section SYSFILE INFO
860 SYSFILE INFO FILE='file-name'.
863 @cmd{SYSFILE INFO} reads the dictionary in a system file and
864 displays the information in its dictionary.
866 Specify a file name or file handle. @cmd{SYSFILE INFO} reads that file as
867 a system file and displays information on its dictionary.
869 @cmd{SYSFILE INFO} does not affect the current active dataset.
881 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
886 The @cmd{EXPORT} transformation writes the active dataset dictionary and
887 data to a specified portable file.
889 This transformation is a PSPP extension.
891 It is similar to the @cmd{EXPORT} procedure, with two differences:
895 @cmd{XEXPORT} is a transformation, not a procedure. It is executed when
896 the data is read by a procedure or procedure-like command.
899 @cmd{XEXPORT} does not support the UNSELECTED subcommand.
902 @xref{EXPORT}, for more information.
911 /@{COMPRESSED,UNCOMPRESSED@}
912 /PERMISSIONS=@{WRITEABLE,READONLY@}
916 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
921 The @cmd{XSAVE} transformation writes the active dataset's dictionary and
922 data to a system file. It is similar to the @cmd{SAVE}
923 procedure, with two differences:
927 @cmd{XSAVE} is a transformation, not a procedure. It is executed when
928 the data is read by a procedure or procedure-like command.
931 @cmd{XSAVE} does not support the UNSELECTED subcommand.
934 @xref{SAVE}, for more information.