1 @node System and Portable Files, Variable Attributes, Data Input and Output, Top
2 @chapter System Files and Portable Files
4 The commands in this chapter read, write, and examine system files and
8 * APPLY DICTIONARY:: Apply system file dictionary to active file.
9 * EXPORT:: Write to a portable file.
10 * GET:: Read from a system file.
11 * IMPORT:: Read from a portable file.
12 * MATCH FILES:: Merge system files.
13 * SAVE:: Write to a system file.
14 * SYSFILE INFO:: Display system file dictionary.
15 * XEXPORT:: Write to a portable file, as a transformation.
16 * XSAVE:: Write to a system file, as a transformation.
19 @node APPLY DICTIONARY
20 @section APPLY DICTIONARY
21 @vindex APPLY DICTIONARY
24 APPLY DICTIONARY FROM=@{'file-name',file_handle@}.
27 @cmd{APPLY DICTIONARY} applies the variable labels, value labels,
28 and missing values taken from a file to corresponding
29 variables in the active file. In some cases it also updates the
32 Specify a system file, portable file, or scratch file with a file name
33 string or as a file handle (@pxref{File Handles}). The dictionary in the
34 file will be read, but it will not replace the active file dictionary.
35 The file's data will not be read.
37 Only variables with names that exist in both the active file and the
38 system file are considered. Variables with the same name but different
39 types (numeric, string) will cause an error message. Otherwise, the
40 system file variables' attributes will replace those in their matching
41 active file variables, as described below.
43 If a system file variable has a variable label, then it will replace the
44 active file variable's variable label. If the system file variable does
45 not have a variable label, then the active file variable's variable
46 label, if any, will be retained.
48 If the active file variable is numeric or short string, then value
49 labels and missing values, if any, will be copied to the active file
50 variable. If the system file variable does not have value labels or
51 missing values, then those in the active file variable, if any, will not
54 Finally, weighting of the active file is updated (@pxref{WEIGHT}). If
55 the active file has a weighting variable, and the system file does not,
56 or if the weighting variable in the system file does not exist in the
57 active file, then the active file weighting variable, if any, is
58 retained. Otherwise, the weighting variable in the system file becomes
59 the active file weighting variable.
61 @cmd{APPLY DICTIONARY} takes effect immediately. It does not read the
63 file. The system file is not modified.
72 /UNSELECTED=@{RETAIN,DELETE@}
76 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
81 The @cmd{EXPORT} procedure writes the active file dictionary and data to a
82 specified portable file or scratch file.
84 By default, cases excluded with FILTER are written to the
85 file. These can be excluded by specifying DELETE on the UNSELECTED
86 subcommand. Specifying RETAIN makes the default explicit.
88 Portable files express real numbers in base 30. Integers are always
89 expressed to the maximum precision needed to make them exact.
90 Non-integers are, by default, expressed to the machine's maximum
91 natural precision (approximately 15 decimal digits on many machines).
92 If many numbers require this many digits, the portable file may
93 significantly increase in size. As an alternative, the DIGITS
94 subcommand may be used to specify the number of decimal digits of
95 precision to write. DIGITS applies only to non-integers.
97 The OUTFILE subcommand, which is the only required subcommand, specifies
98 the portable file or scratch file to be written as a file name string or
99 a file handle (@pxref{File Handles}).
101 DROP, KEEP, and RENAME follow the same format as the SAVE procedure
104 The TYPE subcommand specifies the character set for use in the
105 portable file. Its value is currently not used.
107 The MAP subcommand is currently ignored.
109 @cmd{EXPORT} is a procedure. It causes the active file to be read.
117 /FILE=@{'file-name',file_handle@}
120 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
123 @cmd{GET} clears the current dictionary and active file and
124 replaces them with the dictionary and data from a specified file.
126 The FILE subcommand is the only required subcommand. Specify the system
127 file, portable file, or scratch file to be read as a string file name or
128 a file handle (@pxref{File Handles}).
130 By default, all the variables in a file are read. The DROP
131 subcommand can be used to specify a list of variables that are not to be
132 read. By contrast, the KEEP subcommand can be used to specify variable
133 that are to be read, with all other variables not read.
135 Normally variables in a file retain the names that they were
136 saved under. Use the RENAME subcommand to change these names. Specify,
137 within parentheses, a list of variable names followed by an equals sign
138 (@samp{=}) and the names that they should be renamed to. Multiple
139 parenthesized groups of variable names can be included on a single
140 RENAME subcommand. Variables' names may be swapped using a RENAME
141 subcommand of the form @samp{/RENAME=(A B=B A)}.
143 Alternate syntax for the RENAME subcommand allows the parentheses to be
144 eliminated. When this is done, only a single variable may be renamed at
145 once. For instance, @samp{/RENAME=A=B}. This alternate syntax is
148 DROP, KEEP, and RENAME are executed in left-to-right order.
149 Each may be present any number of times. @cmd{GET} never modifies a
150 file on disk. Only the active file read from the file
151 is affected by these subcommands.
153 @cmd{GET} does not cause the data to be read, only the dictionary. The data
154 is read later, when a procedure is executed.
156 Use of @cmd{GET} to read a portable file or scratch file is a PSPP
169 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
172 The @cmd{IMPORT} transformation clears the active file dictionary and
174 replaces them with a dictionary and data from a system, portable file,
177 The FILE subcommand, which is the only required subcommand, specifies
178 the portable file to be read as a file name string or a file handle
179 (@pxref{File Handles}).
181 The TYPE subcommand is currently not used.
183 DROP, KEEP, and RENAME follow the syntax used by @cmd{GET} (@pxref{GET}).
185 @cmd{IMPORT} does not cause the data to be read, only the dictionary. The
186 data is read later, when a procedure is executed.
188 Use of @cmd{IMPORT} to read a system file or scratch file is a PSPP
197 /@{FILE,TABLE@}=@{*,'file-name'@}
200 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
209 @cmd{MATCH FILES} merges one or more system, portable, or scratch files,
211 including the active file. Records with the same values for BY
212 variables are combined into a single record. Records with different
213 values are output in order. Thus, multiple sorted files are
214 combined into a single sorted file based on the value of the BY
215 variables. The results of the merge become the new active file.
217 The BY subcommand specifies a list of variables that are used to match
218 records from each of the files. Variables specified must exist
219 in all the files specified on FILE and TABLE. BY should usually be
220 specified. If TABLE or IN is used then BY is required.
222 Specify FILE with a system, portable, or scratch file as a file name
223 string or file handle
224 (@pxref{File Handles}), or with an asterisk (@samp{*}) to
225 indicate the current active file. The files specified on FILE are
226 merged together based on the BY variables, or combined case-by-case if
227 BY is not specified. Normally at least two FILE subcommands should be
230 Specify TABLE with a file to use it as a @dfn{table
231 lookup file}. Records in table lookup files are not used up after
232 they've been used once. This means that data in table lookup files can
233 correspond to any number of records in FILE files. Table lookup files
234 correspond to lookup tables in traditional relational database systems.
235 It is incorrect to have records with duplicate BY values in table lookup
238 Any number of FILE and TABLE subcommands may be specified. Each
239 instance of FILE or TABLE can be followed by any sequence of DROP,
240 KEEP, or RENAME subcommands. These have the same form and meaning as
241 the corresponding subcommands of @cmd{GET} (@pxref{GET}), but apply
242 only to variables in the given file.
244 Each FILE or TABLE may optionally be followed by an IN subcommand,
245 which creates a numeric variable with the specified name and format
246 F1.0. The IN variable takes value 1 in a case if the given file
247 contributed a row to the merged file, 0 otherwise. The DROP, KEEP,
248 and RENAME subcommands do not affect IN variables.
250 Variables belonging to files that are not present for the current case
251 are set to the system-missing value for numeric variables or spaces for
254 FIRST, LAST, and MAP are currently ignored.
256 @cmd{MATCH FILES} may not be specified following @cmd{TEMPORARY}
257 (@pxref{TEMPORARY}) if the active file is used as an input source.
259 Use of portable or scratch files on @cmd{MATCH FILES} is a PSPP
268 /OUTFILE=@{'file-name',file_handle@}
269 /UNSELECTED=@{RETAIN,DELETE@}
270 /@{COMPRESSED,UNCOMPRESSED@}
271 /PERMISSIONS=@{WRITEABLE,READONLY@}
275 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
280 The @cmd{SAVE} procedure causes the dictionary and data in the active
282 be written to a system file or scratch file.
284 OUTFILE is the only required subcommand. Specify the system file or
285 scratch file to be written as a string file name or a file handle
286 (@pxref{File Handles}).
288 By default, cases excluded with FILTER are written to the system file.
289 These can be excluded by specifying DELETE on the UNSELECTED
290 subcommand. Specifying RETAIN makes the default explicit.
292 The COMPRESS and UNCOMPRESS subcommand determine whether the saved
293 system file is compressed. By default, system files are compressed.
294 This default can be changed with the SET command (@pxref{SET}).
296 The PERMISSIONS subcommand specifies permissions for the new system
297 file. WRITEABLE, the default, creates the file with read and write
298 permission. READONLY creates the file for read-only access.
300 By default, all the variables in the active file dictionary are written
301 to the system file. The DROP subcommand can be used to specify a list
302 of variables not to be written. In contrast, KEEP specifies variables
303 to be written, with all variables not specified not written.
305 Normally variables are saved to a system file under the same names they
306 have in the active file. Use the RENAME subcommand to change these names.
307 Specify, within parentheses, a list of variable names followed by an
308 equals sign (@samp{=}) and the names that they should be renamed to.
309 Multiple parenthesized groups of variable names can be included on a
310 single RENAME subcommand. Variables' names may be swapped using a
311 RENAME subcommand of the form @samp{/RENAME=(A B=B A)}.
313 Alternate syntax for the RENAME subcommand allows the parentheses to be
314 eliminated. When this is done, only a single variable may be renamed at
315 once. For instance, @samp{/RENAME=A=B}. This alternate syntax is
318 DROP, KEEP, and RENAME are performed in left-to-right order. They
319 each may be present any number of times. @cmd{SAVE} never modifies
320 the active file. DROP, KEEP, and RENAME only affect the system file
323 The VERSION subcommand specifies the version of the file format. Valid
324 versions are 2 and 3. The default version is 3. In version 2 system
325 files, variable names longer than 8 bytes will be truncated. The two
326 versions are otherwise identical.
328 The NAMES and MAP subcommands are currently ignored.
330 @cmd{SAVE} causes the data to be read. It is a procedure.
333 @section SYSFILE INFO
337 SYSFILE INFO FILE='file-name'.
340 @cmd{SYSFILE INFO} reads the dictionary in a system file and
341 displays the information in its dictionary.
343 Specify a file name or file handle. @cmd{SYSFILE INFO} reads that file as
344 a system file and displays information on its dictionary.
346 @cmd{SYSFILE INFO} does not affect the current active file.
358 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
363 The @cmd{EXPORT} transformation writes the active file dictionary and
364 data to a specified portable file.
366 This transformation is a PSPP extension.
368 It is similar to the @cmd{EXPORT} procedure, with two differences:
372 @cmd{XEXPORT} is a transformation, not a procedure. It is executed when
373 the data is read by a procedure or procedure-like command.
376 @cmd{XEXPORT} does not support the UNSELECTED subcommand.
379 @xref{EXPORT}, for more information.
381 @node XSAVE, , XEXPORT, System and Portable Files
388 /@{COMPRESSED,UNCOMPRESSED@}
389 /PERMISSIONS=@{WRITEABLE,READONLY@}
393 /RENAME=(src_names=target_names)@dots{}
398 The @cmd{XSAVE} transformation writes the active file dictionary and
399 data to a system file or scratch file. It is similar to the @cmd{SAVE}
400 procedure, with two differences:
404 @cmd{XSAVE} is a transformation, not a procedure. It is executed when
405 the data is read by a procedure or procedure-like command.
408 @cmd{XSAVE} does not support the UNSELECTED subcommand.
411 @xref{SAVE}, for more information.