-#include "init.h"
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
+#include "threads/init.h"
+#include <console.h>
+#include <debug.h>
#include <limits.h>
-#include "debug.h"
-#include "interrupt.h"
-#include "io.h"
-#include "kbd.h"
-#include "lib.h"
-#include "malloc.h"
-#include "mmu.h"
-#include "paging.h"
-#include "palloc.h"
-#include "random.h"
-#include "serial.h"
-#include "thread.h"
-#include "timer.h"
-#include "vga.h"
+#include <random.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "devices/kbd.h"
+#include "devices/serial.h"
+#include "devices/timer.h"
+#include "devices/vga.h"
+#include "threads/interrupt.h"
+#include "threads/io.h"
+#include "threads/loader.h"
+#include "threads/malloc.h"
+#include "threads/mmu.h"
+#include "threads/palloc.h"
+#include "threads/test.h"
+#include "threads/thread.h"
+#ifdef USERPROG
+#include "userprog/process.h"
+#include "userprog/exception.h"
+#include "userprog/gdt.h"
+#include "userprog/syscall.h"
+#include "userprog/tss.h"
+#endif
#ifdef FILESYS
-#include "filesys.h"
+#include "devices/disk.h"
+#include "filesys/filesys.h"
+#include "filesys/fsutil.h"
#endif
-/* Size of kernel static code and data, in 4 kB pages. */
-size_t kernel_pages;
-
/* Amount of physical memory, in 4 kB pages. */
size_t ram_pages;
-static void gdt_init (void);
-void power_off (void);
+/* Page directory with kernel mappings only. */
+uint32_t *base_page_dir;
-static void
-main_thread (void *aux UNUSED)
-{
- thread_execute ("a.out");
-}
+#ifdef FILESYS
+/* -f: Format the filesystem? */
+static bool format_filesys;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USERPROG
+/* -ex: Initial program to run. */
+static char *initial_program;
+#endif
+
+/* -q: Power off after kernel tasks complete? */
+bool power_off_when_done;
+
+static void ram_init (void);
+static void paging_init (void);
+static void argv_init (void);
+static void print_stats (void);
+
+int main (void) NO_RETURN;
int
main (void)
{
- extern char _text, _end, __bss_start;
- struct thread *t;
+ /* Clear BSS and get machine's RAM size. */
+ ram_init ();
- /* Clear out the BSS segment. */
- memset (&__bss_start, 0, &_end - &__bss_start);
+ /* Initialize ourselves as a thread so we can use locks. */
+ thread_init ();
+ /* Initialize the console so we can use printf(). */
vga_init ();
- serial_init ();
+ serial_init_poll ();
+ console_init ();
- /* Calculate how much RAM the kernel uses, and find out from
- the bootloader how much RAM this machine has. */
- kernel_pages = (&_end - &_text + 4095) / 4096;
- ram_pages = *(uint32_t *) (0x7e00 - 8);
+ /* Greet user. */
+ printf ("Pintos booting with %'zu kB RAM...\n", ram_pages * PGSIZE / 1024);
- printk ("Initializing nachos-x86, %d kB RAM detected.\n",
- ram_pages * 4);
+ /* Parse command line. */
+ argv_init ();
- /* Memory from the end of the kernel through the end of memory
- is free. Give it to the page allocator. */
- palloc_init ((void *) (KERN_BASE + kernel_pages * PGSIZE),
- (void *) (PHYS_BASE + ram_pages * PGSIZE));
+ /* Initialize memory system. */
+ palloc_init ();
+ malloc_init ();
paging_init ();
+
+ /* Segmentation. */
+#ifdef USERPROG
+ tss_init ();
gdt_init ();
+#endif
- malloc_init ();
- random_init ();
+ /* Set random seed if argv_init() didn't. */
+ random_init (0);
+ /* Initialize interrupt handlers. */
intr_init ();
timer_init ();
kbd_init ();
+#ifdef USERPROG
+ exception_init ();
+ syscall_init ();
+#endif
+
+ /* Start thread scheduler and enable interrupts. */
+ thread_start ();
+ serial_init_queue ();
+ timer_calibrate ();
#ifdef FILESYS
- filesys_init (false);
+ /* Initialize filesystem. */
+ disk_init ();
+ filesys_init (format_filesys);
+ fsutil_run ();
#endif
- thread_init ();
-
- t = thread_create ("main", main_thread, NULL);
- thread_start (t);
+ printf ("Boot complete.\n");
+
+#ifdef USERPROG
+ /* Run a user program. */
+ if (initial_program != NULL)
+ {
+ printf ("\nExecuting '%s':\n", initial_program);
+ process_wait (process_execute (initial_program));
+ }
+#else
+ /* Run the compiled-in test function. */
+ test ();
+#endif
- printk ("Done!\n");
- return 0;
+ /* Finish up. */
+ if (power_off_when_done)
+ power_off ();
+ else
+ thread_exit ();
}
-
-static uint64_t
-make_seg_desc (uint32_t base,
- uint32_t limit,
- enum seg_system system,
- enum seg_type type,
- int dpl,
- enum seg_granularity granularity)
+\f
+/* Clear BSS and obtain RAM size from loader. */
+static void
+ram_init (void)
{
- uint32_t e0 = ((limit & 0xffff) /* Limit 15:0. */
- | (base << 16)); /* Base 15:0. */
- uint32_t e1 = (((base >> 16) & 0xff) /* Base 23:16. */
- | (system << 12) /* 0=system, 1=code/data. */
- | (type << 8) /* Segment type. */
- | (dpl << 13) /* Descriptor privilege. */
- | (1 << 15) /* Present. */
- | (limit & 0xf0000) /* Limit 16:19. */
- | (1 << 22) /* 32-bit segment. */
- | (granularity << 23) /* Byte/page granularity. */
- | (base & 0xff000000)); /* Base 31:24. */
- return e0 | ((uint64_t) e1 << 32);
-}
+ /* The "BSS" is a segment that should be initialized to zeros.
+ It isn't actually stored on disk or zeroed by the kernel
+ loader, so we have to zero it ourselves.
-static uint64_t
-make_code_desc (int dpl)
-{
- return make_seg_desc (0, 0xfffff, SYS_CODE_DATA, TYPE_CODE | TYPE_READABLE,
- dpl, GRAN_PAGE);
-}
+ The start and end of the BSS segment is recorded by the
+ linker as _start_bss and _end_bss. See kernel.lds. */
+ extern char _start_bss, _end_bss;
+ memset (&_start_bss, 0, &_end_bss - &_start_bss);
-static uint64_t
-make_data_desc (int dpl)
-{
- return make_seg_desc (0, 0xfffff, SYS_CODE_DATA, TYPE_WRITABLE,
- dpl, GRAN_PAGE);
+ /* Get RAM size from loader. See loader.S. */
+ ram_pages = *(uint32_t *) ptov (LOADER_RAM_PAGES);
}
-static uint64_t
-make_tss_desc (void *vaddr)
+/* Populates the base page directory and page table with the
+ kernel virtual mapping, and then sets up the CPU to use the
+ new page directory. Points base_page_dir to the page
+ directory it creates.
+
+ At the time this function is called, the active page table
+ (set up by loader.S) only maps the first 4 MB of RAM, so we
+ should not try to use extravagant amounts of memory.
+ Fortunately, there is no need to do so. */
+static void
+paging_init (void)
{
- return make_seg_desc ((uint32_t) vaddr,
- 0x67, SYS_SYSTEM, TYPE_TSS_32_A, 0, GRAN_BYTE);
-}
+ uint32_t *pd, *pt;
+ size_t page;
+
+ pd = base_page_dir = palloc_get_page (PAL_ASSERT | PAL_ZERO);
+ pt = NULL;
+ for (page = 0; page < ram_pages; page++)
+ {
+ uintptr_t paddr = page * PGSIZE;
+ void *vaddr = ptov (paddr);
+ size_t pde_idx = pd_no (vaddr);
+ size_t pte_idx = pt_no (vaddr);
-uint64_t gdt[SEL_CNT];
+ if (pd[pde_idx] == 0)
+ {
+ pt = palloc_get_page (PAL_ASSERT | PAL_ZERO);
+ pd[pde_idx] = pde_create (pt);
+ }
-struct tss *tss;
+ pt[pte_idx] = pte_create_kernel (vaddr, true);
+ }
+
+ /* Store the physical address of the page directory into CR3
+ aka PDBR (page directory base register). This activates our
+ new page tables immediately. See [IA32-v2a] "MOV--Move
+ to/from Control Registers" and [IA32-v3] 3.7.5. */
+ asm volatile ("mov %%cr3, %0" :: "r" (vtop (base_page_dir)));
+}
-/* Sets up a proper GDT. The bootstrap loader's GDT didn't
- include user-mode selectors or a TSS. */
+/* Parses the command line. */
static void
-gdt_init (void)
+argv_init (void)
{
- uint64_t gdtr_operand;
-
- /* Our TSS is never used in a call gate or task gate, so only a
- few fields of it are ever referenced, and those are the only
- ones we initialize. */
- tss = palloc_get (PAL_ASSERT | PAL_ZERO);
- tss->esp0 = (uint32_t) ptov(0x20000);
- tss->ss0 = SEL_KDSEG;
- tss->bitmap = 0xdfff;
-
- /* Initialize GDT. */
- gdt[SEL_NULL / sizeof *gdt] = 0;
- gdt[SEL_KCSEG / sizeof *gdt] = make_code_desc (0);
- gdt[SEL_KDSEG / sizeof *gdt] = make_data_desc (0);
- gdt[SEL_UCSEG / sizeof *gdt] = make_code_desc (3);
- gdt[SEL_UDSEG / sizeof *gdt] = make_data_desc (3);
- gdt[SEL_TSS / sizeof *gdt] = make_tss_desc (tss);
-
- /* Load GDTR, TR. */
- gdtr_operand = make_dtr_operand (sizeof gdt - 1, gdt);
- asm volatile ("lgdt %0" :: "m" (gdtr_operand));
- asm volatile ("ltr %w0" :: "r" (SEL_TSS));
+ char *cmd_line, *pos;
+ char *argv[LOADER_CMD_LINE_LEN / 2 + 2];
+ int argc = 0;
+ int i;
+
+ /* The command line is made up of null terminated strings
+ followed by an empty string. Break it up into words. */
+ cmd_line = pos = ptov (LOADER_CMD_LINE);
+ printf ("Kernel command line:");
+ while (pos < cmd_line + LOADER_CMD_LINE_LEN)
+ {
+ ASSERT (argc < LOADER_CMD_LINE_LEN / 2);
+ if (*pos == '\0')
+ break;
+ argv[argc++] = pos;
+ printf (" %s", pos);
+ pos = strchr (pos, '\0') + 1;
+ }
+ printf ("\n");
+ argv[argc] = "";
+ argv[argc + 1] = "";
+
+ /* Parse the words. */
+ for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+ if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-rs"))
+ random_init (atoi (argv[++i]));
+ else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-q"))
+ power_off_when_done = true;
+#ifdef USERPROG
+ else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-ex"))
+ initial_program = argv[++i];
+ else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-ul"))
+ user_page_limit = atoi (argv[++i]);
+#endif
+#ifdef FILESYS
+ else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-f"))
+ format_filesys = true;
+ else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-ci"))
+ {
+ fsutil_copyin_file = argv[++i];
+ fsutil_copyin_size = atoi (argv[++i]);
+ }
+ else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-co"))
+ fsutil_copyout_file = argv[++i];
+ else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-p"))
+ fsutil_print_file = argv[++i];
+ else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-r"))
+ fsutil_remove_file = argv[++i];
+ else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-ls"))
+ fsutil_list_files = true;
+#endif
+ else if (!strcmp (argv[i], "-u"))
+ {
+ printf (
+ "Kernel options:\n"
+ " -rs SEED Set random seed to SEED.\n"
+#ifdef USERPROG
+ " -ex 'PROG [ARG...]' Run PROG, passing the optional arguments.\n"
+ " -ul USER_MAX Limit user memory to USER_MAX pages.\n"
+#endif
+#ifdef FILESYS
+ " -f Format the filesystem disk (hdb or hd0:1).\n"
+ " -ci FILENAME SIZE Copy SIZE bytes from the scratch disk (hdc\n"
+ " or hd1:0) into the filesystem as FILENAME.\n"
+ " -co FILENAME Copy FILENAME to the scratch disk, with\n"
+ " size at start of sector 0 and data after.\n"
+ " -p FILENAME Print the contents of FILENAME.\n"
+ " -r FILENAME Delete FILENAME.\n"
+ " -ls List files in the root directory.\n"
+#endif
+ " -q Power off after doing requested actions.\n"
+ " -u Print this help message and power off.\n"
+ );
+ power_off ();
+ }
+ else
+ PANIC ("unknown option `%s' (use -u for help)", argv[i]);
}
-\f
+
+/* Powers down the machine we're running on,
+ as long as we're running on Bochs or qemu. */
void
power_off (void)
{
const char s[] = "Shutdown";
const char *p;
- printk ("Powering off...\n");
+#ifdef FILESYS
+ filesys_done ();
+#endif
+
+ print_stats ();
+
+ printf ("Powering off...\n");
+ serial_flush ();
+
for (p = s; *p != '\0'; p++)
outb (0x8900, *p);
for (;;);
}
+
+/* Print statistics about Pintos execution. */
+static void
+print_stats (void)
+{
+ timer_print_stats ();
+ thread_print_stats ();
+#ifdef FILESYS
+ disk_print_stats ();
+#endif
+ console_print_stats ();
+ kbd_print_stats ();
+#ifdef USERPROG
+ exception_print_stats ();
+#endif
+}
projects / pintos-anon / blobdiff