-@node Project 1--Threads, Project 2--User Programs, Pintos Tour, Top
+@node Project 1--Threads
@chapter Project 1: Threads
In this assignment, we give you a minimally functional thread system.
Before you read the description of this project, you should read all of
the following sections: @ref{Introduction}, @ref{Coding Standards},
@ref{Debugging Tools}, and @ref{Development Tools}. You should at least
-skim the material in @ref{Threads Tour} and especially
-@ref{Synchronization}. To complete this project you will also need to
-read @ref{4.4BSD Scheduler}.
+skim the material from @ref{Pintos Loading} through @ref{Memory
+Allocation}, especially @ref{Synchronization}. To complete this project
+you will also need to read @ref{4.4BSD Scheduler}.
@menu
* Project 1 Background::
state of the currently running thread and restores the state of the
thread we're switching to.
-Using the @command{gdb} debugger, slowly trace through a context
-switch to see what happens (@pxref{gdb}). You can set a
+Using the GDB debugger, slowly trace through a context
+switch to see what happens (@pxref{GDB}). You can set a
breakpoint on @func{schedule} to start out, and then
-single-step from there.@footnote{@command{gdb} might tell you that
-@func{schedule} doesn't exist, which is arguably a @command{gdb} bug.
+single-step from there.@footnote{GDB might tell you that
+@func{schedule} doesn't exist, which is arguably a GDB bug.
You can work around this by setting the breakpoint by filename and
line number, e.g.@: @code{break thread.c:@var{ln}} where @var{ln} is
the line number of the first declaration in @func{schedule}.} Be sure
@item thread.c
@itemx thread.h
-Basic thread support. Much of your work will take place in these
-files. @file{thread.h} defines @struct{thread}, which you are likely
-to modify in all four projects. See @ref{struct thread} and @ref{Thread
-Support} for more information.
+Basic thread support. Much of your work will take place in these files.
+@file{thread.h} defines @struct{thread}, which you are likely to modify
+in all four projects. See @ref{struct thread} and @ref{Threads} for
+more information.
@item switch.S
@itemx switch.h
Functions for I/O port access. This is mostly used by source code in
the @file{devices} directory that you won't have to touch.
-@item mmu.h
-Functions and macros related to memory management, including page
-directories and page tables. This will be more important to you in
-project 3. For now, you can ignore it.
+@item vaddr.h
+@itemx pte.h
+Functions and macros for working with virtual addresses and page table
+entries. These will be more important to you in project 3. For now,
+you can ignore them.
@item flags.h
Macros that define a few bits in the 80@var{x}86 ``flags'' register.
interrupt handling latency, which can make a machine feel sluggish if
taken too far.
-You may need to add or modify code where interrupts are already
-disabled, such as in @func{sema_up} or @func{sema_down}. You should
-still try to keep this code as short as you can.
+The synchronization primitives themselves in @file{synch.c} are
+implemented by disabling interrupts. You may need to increase the
+amount of code that runs with interrupts disabled here, but you should
+still try to keep it to a minimum.
Disabling interrupts can be useful for debugging, if you want to make
sure that a section of code is not interrupted. You should remove
to immediately yield the CPU.
Thread priorities range from @code{PRI_MIN} (0) to @code{PRI_MAX} (63).
-Lower numbers correspond to @emph{higher} priorities, so that priority 0
-is the highest priority and priority 63 is the lowest.
+Lower numbers correspond to lower priorities, so that priority 0
+is the lowest priority and priority 63 is the highest.
The initial thread priority is passed as an argument to
@func{thread_create}. If there's no reason to choose another
priority, use @code{PRI_DEFAULT} (31). The @code{PRI_} macros are
scheduler
with the @option{-mlfqs} kernel option. Passing this
option sets @code{enable_mlfqs}, declared in @file{threads/init.h}, to
-true.
+true when the options are parsed by @func{parse_options}, which happens
+midway through @func{main}.
When the 4.4@acronym{BSD} scheduler is enabled, threads no longer
directly control their own priorities. The @var{priority} argument to
5 files changed, 440 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
@end verbatim
+@file{fixed-point.h} is a new file added by the reference solution.
+
@item How do I update the @file{Makefile}s when I add a new source file?
@anchor{Adding Source Files}
You are probably looking at a backtrace that looks something like this:
@example
-0xc0108810: debug_panic (../../lib/kernel/debug.c:32)
-0xc010a99f: pass (../../tests/threads/tests.c:93)
-0xc010bdd3: test_mlfqs_load_1 (../../tests/threads/mlfqs-load-1.c:33)
-0xc010a8cf: run_test (../../tests/threads/tests.c:51)
-0xc0100452: run_task (../../threads/init.c:283)
-0xc0100536: run_actions (../../threads/init.c:333)
-0xc01000bb: main (../../threads/init.c:137)
+0xc0108810: debug_panic (lib/kernel/debug.c:32)
+0xc010a99f: pass (tests/threads/tests.c:93)
+0xc010bdd3: test_mlfqs_load_1 (...threads/mlfqs-load-1.c:33)
+0xc010a8cf: run_test (tests/threads/tests.c:51)
+0xc0100452: run_task (threads/init.c:283)
+0xc0100536: run_actions (threads/init.c:333)
+0xc01000bb: main (threads/init.c:137)
@end example
This is just confusing output from the @command{backtrace} program. It
@item If the highest-priority thread yields, does it continue running?
-Yes. As long as there is a single highest-priority thread, it continues
+Yes. If there is a single highest-priority thread, it continues
running until it blocks or finishes, even if it calls
@func{thread_yield}.
If multiple threads have the same highest priority,
Priority donation only changes the priority of the donee
thread. The donor thread's priority is unchanged.
-Priority donation is not additive: if thread @var{A} (with priority 3) donates
-to thread @var{B} (with priority 5), then @var{B}'s new priority is 3, not 8.
+Priority donation is not additive: if thread @var{A} (with priority 5) donates
+to thread @var{B} (with priority 3), then @var{B}'s new priority is 5, not 8.
@item Can a thread's priority change while it is on the ready queue?
thus loses the CPU and is moved to the ready queue. Now @var{L}'s
old priority is restored while it is in the ready queue.
+@item Can a thread's priority change while it is blocked?
+
+Yes. While a thread that has acquired lock @var{L} is blocked for any
+reason, its priority can increase by priority donation if a
+higher-priority thread attempts to acquire @var{L}. This case is
+checked by the @code{priority-donate-sema} test.
+
@item Can a thread added to the ready list preempt the processor?
Yes. If a thread added to the ready list has higher priority than the
@item How does @func{thread_set_priority} affect a thread receiving donations?
-It should do something sensible, but no particular behavior is
-required. None of the test cases call @func{thread_set_priority} from a
-thread while it is receiving a priority donation.
+It sets the thread's base priority. The thread's effective priority
+becomes the higher of the newly set priority or the highest donated
+priority. When the donations are released, the thread's priority
+becomes the one set through the function call. This behavior is checked
+by the @code{priority-donate-lower} test.
@item Calling @func{printf} in @func{sema_up} or @func{sema_down} reboots!
@item Can I use one queue instead of 64 queues?
-Yes, that's fine. It's easiest to describe the algorithm in terms of 64
-separate queues, but that doesn't mean you have to implement it that
-way.
-
-If you use a single queue, it should probably be sorted.
+Yes. In general, your implementation may differ from the description,
+as long as its behavior is the same.
@end table
projects / pintos-anon / blobdiff