text file, variables' measurement levels are often unknown. If
@code{CTABLES} runs when a variable has an unknown measurement level,
it makes an initial pass through the data to guess measurement levels
-using the rules described earlier in this manual (@pxref{Measurement
+using the rules described in an earlier section (@pxref{Measurement
Level}). Use the @code{VARIABLE LEVEL} command to set or change a
variable's measurement level (@pxref{VARIABLE LEVEL}).
@code{MISSING=EXCLUDE} is in effect on @code{CATEGORIES}, or
system-missing values. @code{COUNT} does not count these.
+@xref{CTABLES Missing Values for Summary Variables}, for details of
+how @code{CTABLES} summarizes missing values.
+
@item @code{VALIDN} (``Valid N'', F40.0)
The sum of valid count weights in included categories.
-@code{VALIDN} does not count missing values regardless of whether they
-are in included categories via @code{CATEGORIES}. @code{VALIDN} does
-not count valid values that are in excluded categories.
+For categorical variables, @code{VALIDN} does not count missing values
+regardless of whether they are in included categories via
+@code{CATEGORIES}. @code{VALIDN} does not count valid values that are
+in excluded categories. @xref{CTABLES Missing Values for Summary
+Variables}, for details.
@item @code{VARIANCE} (``Variance'')
The variance.
@node CTABLES Summary Functions for Adjusted Weights
@subsubsection Summary Functions for Adjusted Weights
-If the @code{WEIGHT} subcommand specified an adjustment weight
-variable, then the following summary functions use its value instead
-of the dictionary weight variable. Otherwise, they are equivalent to
-the summary function without the @samp{E}-prefix:
+If the @code{WEIGHT} subcommand specified an effective weight variable
+(@pxref{CTABLES Effective Weight}), then the following summary functions
+use its value instead of the dictionary weight variable. Otherwise,
+they are equivalent to the summary function without the
+@samp{E}-prefix:
@itemize @bullet
@item
@code{UMISSING} (``Unweighted Missing'')
@item
-@code{UMODE} (``Unweight Mode'')
+@code{UMODE} (``Unweighted Mode'')
@item
@code{U@i{area}PCT.SUM} (``Unweighted @i{Area} Sum %'', PCT40.1)
by computed categories are displayed like other categories. Use
@code{HIDESOURCECATS=YES} to hide them.
-@node CTABLES Base Weight
-@subsection Base Weight
+@node CTABLES Effective Weight
+@subsection Effective Weight
@display
@t{/WEIGHT VARIABLE=}@i{variable}
The @code{WEIGHT} subcommand is optional and must appear before
@code{TABLE}. If it appears, it must name a numeric variable, known
-as the @dfn{effective base weight} or @dfn{adjustment weight}. The
-effective base weight variable stands in for the dictionary's weight
+as the @dfn{effective weight} or @dfn{adjustment weight}. The
+effective weight variable stands in for the dictionary's weight
variable (@pxref{WEIGHT}), if any, in most calculations in
@code{CTABLES}. The only exceptions are the @code{COUNT},
@code{TOTALN}, and @code{VALIDN} summary functions, which use the
dictionary weight instead.
Weights obtained from the @pspp{} dictionary are rounded to the
-nearest integer at the case level. Effective base weights are not
-rounded. Regardless of the weighting source, @pspp{} does not analyze
-cases with zero, missing, or negative effective weights.
+nearest integer at the case level. Effective weights are not rounded.
+Regardless of the weighting source, @pspp{} does not analyze cases
+with zero, missing, or negative effective weights.
@node CTABLES Hiding Small Counts
@subsection Hiding Small Counts