1 #include "userprog/exception.h"
4 #include "userprog/gdt.h"
5 #include "threads/interrupt.h"
6 #include "threads/thread.h"
8 /* Number of page faults processed. */
9 static long long page_fault_cnt;
11 static void kill (struct intr_frame *);
12 static void page_fault (struct intr_frame *);
14 /* Registers handlers for interrupts that can be caused by user
17 In a real Unix-like OS, most of these interrupts would be
18 passed along to the user process in the form of signals, as
19 described in [SV-386] 3-24 and 3-25, but we don't implement
20 signals. Instead, we'll make them simply kill the user
23 Page faults are an exception. Here they are treated the same
24 way as other exceptions, but this will need to change to
25 implement virtual memory.
27 Refer to [IA32-v3] section 5.14 for a description of each of
32 /* These exceptions can be raised explicitly by a user program,
33 e.g. via the INT, INT3, INTO, and BOUND instructions. Thus,
34 we set DPL==3, meaning that user programs are allowed to
35 invoke them via these instructions. */
36 intr_register (3, 3, INTR_ON, kill, "#BP Breakpoint Exception");
37 intr_register (4, 3, INTR_ON, kill, "#OF Overflow Exception");
38 intr_register (5, 3, INTR_ON, kill, "#BR BOUND Range Exceeded Exception");
40 /* These exceptions have DPL==0, preventing user processes from
41 invoking them via the INT instruction. They can still be
42 caused indirectly, e.g. #DE can be caused by dividing by
44 intr_register (0, 0, INTR_ON, kill, "#DE Divide Error");
45 intr_register (1, 0, INTR_ON, kill, "#DB Debug Exception");
46 intr_register (6, 0, INTR_ON, kill, "#UD Invalid Opcode Exception");
47 intr_register (7, 0, INTR_ON, kill, "#NM Device Not Available Exception");
48 intr_register (11, 0, INTR_ON, kill, "#NP Segment Not Present");
49 intr_register (12, 0, INTR_ON, kill, "#SS Stack Fault Exception");
50 intr_register (13, 0, INTR_ON, kill, "#GP General Protection Exception");
51 intr_register (16, 0, INTR_ON, kill, "#MF x87 FPU Floating-Point Error");
52 intr_register (19, 0, INTR_ON, kill, "#XF SIMD Floating-Point Exception");
54 /* Most exceptions can be handled with interrupts turned on.
55 We need to disable interrupts for page faults because the
56 fault address is stored in CR2 and needs to be preserved. */
57 intr_register (14, 0, INTR_OFF, page_fault, "#PF Page-Fault Exception");
60 /* Prints exception statistics. */
62 exception_print_stats (void)
64 printf ("Exception: %lld page faults\n", page_fault_cnt);
67 /* Handler for an exception (probably) caused by a user process. */
69 kill (struct intr_frame *f)
71 /* This interrupt is one (probably) caused by a user process.
72 For example, the process might have tried to access unmapped
73 virtual memory (a page fault). For now, we simply kill the
74 user process. Later, we'll want to handle page faults in
75 the kernel. Real Unix-like operating systems pass most
76 exceptions back to the process via signals, but we don't
79 /* The interrupt frame's code segment value tells us where the
80 exception originated. */
84 /* User's code segment, so it's a user exception, as we
85 expected. Kill the user process. */
86 printf ("%s: dying due to interrupt %#04x (%s).\n",
87 thread_name (), f->vec_no, intr_name (f->vec_no));
92 /* Kernel's code segment, which indicates a kernel bug.
93 Kernel code shouldn't throw exceptions. (Page faults
94 may cause kernel exceptions--but they shouldn't arrive
95 here.) Panic the kernel to make the point. */
97 PANIC ("Kernel bug - unexpected interrupt in kernel");
100 /* Some other code segment? Shouldn't happen. Panic the
102 printf ("Interrupt %#04x (%s) in unknown segment %04x\n",
103 f->vec_no, intr_name (f->vec_no), f->cs);
108 /* Page fault error code bits that describe the cause of the exception. */
109 #define PF_P 0x1 /* 0: not-present page. 1: access rights violation. */
110 #define PF_W 0x2 /* 0: read, 1: write. */
111 #define PF_U 0x4 /* 0: kernel, 1: user process. */
113 /* Page fault handler. This is a skeleton that must be filled in
114 to implement virtual memory. Some solutions to project 2 may
115 also require modifying this code.
117 At entry, the address that faulted is in CR2 (Control Register
118 2) and information about the fault, formatted as described in
119 the PF_* macros above, is in F's error_code member. The
120 example code here shows how to parse that information. You
121 can find more information about both of these in the
122 description of "Interrupt 14--Page Fault Exception (#PF)" in
123 [IA32-v3] section 5.14, which is pages 5-46 to 5-49. */
125 page_fault (struct intr_frame *f)
127 bool not_present; /* True: not-present page, false: writing r/o page. */
128 bool write; /* True: access was write, false: access was read. */
129 bool user; /* True: access by user, false: access by kernel. */
130 void *fault_addr; /* Fault address. */
132 /* Obtain faulting address, the virtual address that was
133 accessed to cause the fault. It may point to code or to
134 data. It is not necessarily the address of the instruction
135 that caused the fault (that's f->eip).
136 See [IA32-v2a] "MOV--Move to/from Control Registers" and
137 [IA32-v3] 5.14 "Interrupt 14--Page Fault Exception
139 asm ("mov %0, %%cr2" : "=r" (fault_addr));
141 /* Turn interrupts back on (they were only off so that we could
142 be assured of reading CR2 before it changed). */
145 /* Count page faults. */
148 /* Determine cause. */
149 not_present = (f->error_code & PF_P) == 0;
150 write = (f->error_code & PF_W) != 0;
151 user = (f->error_code & PF_U) != 0;
153 /* To implement virtual memory, delete the rest of the function
154 body, and replace it with code that brings in the page to
155 which fault_addr refers. */
156 printf ("Page fault at %p: %s error %s page in %s context.\n",
158 not_present ? "not present" : "rights violation",
159 write ? "writing" : "reading",
160 user ? "user" : "kernel");