1 #include "devices/disk.h"
6 #include "devices/timer.h"
7 #include "threads/io.h"
8 #include "threads/interrupt.h"
9 #include "threads/synch.h"
11 /* The code in this file is an interface to an ATA (IDE)
12 controller. It attempts to comply to [ATA-3]. */
14 /* ATA command block port addresses. */
15 #define reg_data(CHANNEL) ((CHANNEL)->reg_base + 0) /* Data. */
16 #define reg_error(CHANNEL) ((CHANNEL)->reg_base + 1) /* Error. */
17 #define reg_nsect(CHANNEL) ((CHANNEL)->reg_base + 2) /* Sector Count. */
18 #define reg_lbal(CHANNEL) ((CHANNEL)->reg_base + 3) /* LBA 0:7. */
19 #define reg_lbam(CHANNEL) ((CHANNEL)->reg_base + 4) /* LBA 15:8. */
20 #define reg_lbah(CHANNEL) ((CHANNEL)->reg_base + 5) /* LBA 23:16. */
21 #define reg_device(CHANNEL) ((CHANNEL)->reg_base + 6) /* Device/LBA 27:24. */
22 #define reg_status(CHANNEL) ((CHANNEL)->reg_base + 7) /* Status (r/o). */
23 #define reg_command(CHANNEL) reg_status (CHANNEL) /* Command (w/o). */
25 /* ATA control block port addresses.
26 (If we supported non-legacy ATA controllers this would not be
27 flexible enough, but it's fine for what we do.) */
28 #define reg_ctl(CHANNEL) ((CHANNEL)->reg_base + 0x206) /* Control (w/o). */
29 #define reg_alt_status(CHANNEL) reg_ctl (CHANNEL) /* Alt Status (r/o). */
31 /* Alternate Status Register bits. */
32 #define STA_BSY 0x80 /* Busy. */
33 #define STA_DRQ 0x08 /* Data Request. */
35 /* Control Register bits. */
36 #define CTL_SRST 0x04 /* Software Reset. */
38 /* Device Register bits. */
39 #define DEV_MBS 0xa0 /* Must be set. */
40 #define DEV_LBA 0x40 /* Linear based addressing. */
41 #define DEV_DEV 0x10 /* Select device: 0=master, 1=slave. */
44 Many more are defined but this is the small subset that we
46 #define CMD_IDENTIFY_DEVICE 0xec /* IDENTIFY DEVICE. */
47 #define CMD_READ_SECTOR_RETRY 0x20 /* READ SECTOR with retries. */
48 #define CMD_WRITE_SECTOR_RETRY 0x30 /* WRITE SECTOR with retries. */
53 char name[8]; /* Name, e.g. "hd0:1". */
54 struct channel *channel; /* Channel disk is on. */
55 int dev_no; /* Device 0 or 1 for master or slave. */
57 bool is_ata; /* 1=This device is an ATA disk. */
58 disk_sector_t capacity; /* Capacity in sectors (if is_ata). */
60 long long read_cnt; /* Number of sectors read. */
61 long long write_cnt; /* Number of sectors written. */
64 /* An ATA channel (aka controller).
65 Each channel can control up to two disks. */
68 char name[8]; /* Name, e.g. "hd0". */
69 uint16_t reg_base; /* Base I/O port. */
70 uint8_t irq; /* Interrupt in use. */
72 struct lock lock; /* Must acquire to access the controller. */
73 bool expecting_interrupt; /* True if an interrupt is expected, false if
74 any interrupt would be spurious. */
75 struct semaphore completion_wait; /* Up'd by interrupt handler. */
77 struct disk devices[2]; /* The devices on this channel. */
80 /* We support the two "legacy" ATA channels found in a standard PC. */
82 static struct channel channels[CHANNEL_CNT];
84 static void reset_channel (struct channel *);
85 static bool check_device_type (struct disk *);
86 static void identify_ata_device (struct disk *);
88 static void select_sector (struct disk *, disk_sector_t);
89 static void issue_pio_command (struct channel *, uint8_t command);
90 static void input_sector (struct channel *, void *);
91 static void output_sector (struct channel *, const void *);
93 static void wait_until_idle (const struct disk *);
94 static bool wait_while_busy (const struct disk *);
95 static void select_device (const struct disk *);
96 static void select_device_wait (const struct disk *);
98 static void interrupt_handler (struct intr_frame *);
100 /* Initialize the disk subsystem and detect disks. */
106 for (chan_no = 0; chan_no < CHANNEL_CNT; chan_no++)
108 struct channel *c = &channels[chan_no];
111 /* Initialize channel. */
112 snprintf (c->name, sizeof c->name, "hd%zu", chan_no);
126 lock_init (&c->lock);
127 c->expecting_interrupt = false;
128 sema_init (&c->completion_wait, 0);
130 /* Initialize devices. */
131 for (dev_no = 0; dev_no < 2; dev_no++)
133 struct disk *d = &c->devices[dev_no];
134 snprintf (d->name, sizeof d->name, "%s:%d", c->name, dev_no);
141 d->read_cnt = d->write_cnt = 0;
144 /* Register interrupt handler. */
145 intr_register_ext (c->irq, interrupt_handler, c->name);
147 /* Reset hardware. */
150 /* Distinguish ATA hard disks from other devices. */
151 if (check_device_type (&c->devices[0]))
152 check_device_type (&c->devices[1]);
154 /* Read hard disk identity information. */
155 for (dev_no = 0; dev_no < 2; dev_no++)
156 if (c->devices[dev_no].is_ata)
157 identify_ata_device (&c->devices[dev_no]);
161 /* Prints disk statistics. */
163 disk_print_stats (void)
167 for (chan_no = 0; chan_no < CHANNEL_CNT; chan_no++)
171 for (dev_no = 0; dev_no < 2; dev_no++)
173 struct disk *d = disk_get (chan_no, dev_no);
174 if (d != NULL && d->is_ata)
175 printf ("%s: %lld reads, %lld writes\n",
176 d->name, d->read_cnt, d->write_cnt);
181 /* Returns the disk numbered DEV_NO--either 0 or 1 for master or
182 slave, respectively--within the channel numbered CHAN_NO.
184 Pintos uses disks this way:
185 0:0 - operating system kernel
191 disk_get (int chan_no, int dev_no)
193 ASSERT (dev_no == 0 || dev_no == 1);
195 if (chan_no < (int) CHANNEL_CNT)
197 struct disk *d = &channels[chan_no].devices[dev_no];
204 /* Returns the size of disk D, measured in DISK_SECTOR_SIZE-byte
207 disk_size (struct disk *d)
214 /* Reads sector SEC_NO from disk D into BUFFER, which must have
215 room for DISK_SECTOR_SIZE bytes. */
217 disk_read (struct disk *d, disk_sector_t sec_no, void *buffer)
222 ASSERT (buffer != NULL);
225 lock_acquire (&c->lock);
226 select_sector (d, sec_no);
227 issue_pio_command (c, CMD_READ_SECTOR_RETRY);
228 sema_down (&c->completion_wait);
229 if (!wait_while_busy (d))
230 PANIC ("%s: disk read failed, sector=%"PRDSNu, d->name, sec_no);
231 input_sector (c, buffer);
233 lock_release (&c->lock);
236 /* Write sector SEC_NO to disk D from BUFFER, which must contain
237 DISK_SECTOR_SIZE bytes. Returns after the disk has
238 acknowledged receiving the data. */
240 disk_write (struct disk *d, disk_sector_t sec_no, const void *buffer)
245 ASSERT (buffer != NULL);
248 lock_acquire (&c->lock);
249 select_sector (d, sec_no);
250 issue_pio_command (c, CMD_WRITE_SECTOR_RETRY);
251 if (!wait_while_busy (d))
252 PANIC ("%s: disk write failed, sector=%"PRDSNu, d->name, sec_no);
253 output_sector (c, buffer);
254 sema_down (&c->completion_wait);
256 lock_release (&c->lock);
259 /* Disk detection and identification. */
261 static void print_ata_string (char *string, size_t size);
263 /* Resets an ATA channel and waits for any devices present on it
264 to finish the reset. */
266 reset_channel (struct channel *c)
271 /* The ATA reset sequence depends on which devices are present,
272 so we start by detecting device presence. */
273 for (dev_no = 0; dev_no < 2; dev_no++)
275 struct disk *d = &c->devices[dev_no];
279 outb (reg_nsect (c), 0x55);
280 outb (reg_lbal (c), 0xaa);
282 outb (reg_nsect (c), 0xaa);
283 outb (reg_lbal (c), 0x55);
285 outb (reg_nsect (c), 0x55);
286 outb (reg_lbal (c), 0xaa);
288 present[dev_no] = (inb (reg_nsect (c)) == 0x55
289 && inb (reg_lbal (c)) == 0xaa);
292 /* Issue soft reset sequence, which selects device 0 as a side effect.
293 Also enable interrupts. */
294 outb (reg_ctl (c), 0);
296 outb (reg_ctl (c), CTL_SRST);
298 outb (reg_ctl (c), 0);
302 /* Wait for device 0 to clear BSY. */
305 select_device (&c->devices[0]);
306 wait_while_busy (&c->devices[0]);
309 /* Wait for device 1 to clear BSY. */
314 select_device (&c->devices[1]);
315 for (i = 0; i < 3000; i++)
317 if (inb (reg_nsect (c)) == 1 && inb (reg_lbal (c)) == 1)
321 wait_while_busy (&c->devices[1]);
325 /* Checks whether device D is an ATA disk and sets D's is_ata
326 member appropriately. If D is device 0 (master), returns true
327 if it's possible that a slave (device 1) exists on this
328 channel. If D is device 1 (slave), the return value is not
331 check_device_type (struct disk *d)
333 struct channel *c = d->channel;
334 uint8_t error, lbam, lbah;
338 error = inb (reg_error (c));
339 lbam = inb (reg_lbam (c));
340 lbah = inb (reg_lbah (c));
342 if (error != 1 && (error != 0x81 || d->dev_no == 1))
345 return error != 0x81;
349 d->is_ata = (lbam == 0 && lbah == 0) || (lbam == 0x3c && lbah == 0xc3);
354 /* Sends an IDENTIFY DEVICE command to disk D and reads the
355 response. Initializes D's capacity member based on the result
356 and prints a message describing the disk to the console. */
358 identify_ata_device (struct disk *d)
360 struct channel *c = d->channel;
361 uint16_t id[DISK_SECTOR_SIZE / 2];
365 /* Send the IDENTIFY DEVICE command, wait for an interrupt
366 indicating the device's response is ready, and read the data
368 select_device_wait (d);
369 issue_pio_command (c, CMD_IDENTIFY_DEVICE);
370 sema_down (&c->completion_wait);
371 if (!wait_while_busy (d))
376 input_sector (c, id);
378 /* Calculate capacity. */
379 d->capacity = id[60] | ((uint32_t) id[61] << 16);
381 /* Print identification message. */
382 printf ("%s: detected %'"PRDSNu" sector (", d->name, d->capacity);
383 if (d->capacity > 1024 / DISK_SECTOR_SIZE * 1024 * 1024)
384 printf ("%"PRDSNu" GB",
385 d->capacity / (1024 / DISK_SECTOR_SIZE * 1024 * 1024));
386 else if (d->capacity > 1024 / DISK_SECTOR_SIZE * 1024)
387 printf ("%"PRDSNu" MB", d->capacity / (1024 / DISK_SECTOR_SIZE * 1024));
388 else if (d->capacity > 1024 / DISK_SECTOR_SIZE)
389 printf ("%"PRDSNu" kB", d->capacity / (1024 / DISK_SECTOR_SIZE));
391 printf ("%"PRDSNu" byte", d->capacity * DISK_SECTOR_SIZE);
392 printf (") disk, model \"");
393 print_ata_string ((char *) &id[27], 40);
394 printf ("\", serial \"");
395 print_ata_string ((char *) &id[10], 20);
399 /* Prints STRING, which consists of SIZE bytes in a funky format:
400 each pair of bytes is in reverse order. Does not print
401 trailing whitespace and/or nulls. */
403 print_ata_string (char *string, size_t size)
407 /* Find the last non-white, non-null character. */
408 for (; size > 0; size--)
410 int c = string[(size - 1) ^ 1];
411 if (c != '\0' && !isspace (c))
416 for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
417 printf ("%c", string[i ^ 1]);
420 /* Selects device D, waiting for it to become ready, and then
421 writes SEC_NO to the disk's sector selection registers. (We
424 select_sector (struct disk *d, disk_sector_t sec_no)
426 struct channel *c = d->channel;
428 ASSERT (sec_no < d->capacity);
429 ASSERT (sec_no < (1UL << 28));
431 select_device_wait (d);
432 outb (reg_nsect (c), 1);
433 outb (reg_lbal (c), sec_no);
434 outb (reg_lbam (c), sec_no >> 8);
435 outb (reg_lbah (c), (sec_no >> 16));
436 outb (reg_device (c),
437 DEV_MBS | DEV_LBA | (d->dev_no == 1 ? DEV_DEV : 0) | (sec_no >> 24));
440 /* Writes COMMAND to channel C and prepares for receiving a
441 completion interrupt. */
443 issue_pio_command (struct channel *c, uint8_t command)
445 /* Interrupts must be enabled or our semaphore will never be
446 up'd by the completion handler. */
447 ASSERT (intr_get_level () == INTR_ON);
449 c->expecting_interrupt = true;
450 outb (reg_command (c), command);
453 /* Reads a sector from channel C's data register in PIO mode into
454 SECTOR, which must have room for DISK_SECTOR_SIZE bytes. */
456 input_sector (struct channel *c, void *sector)
458 insw (reg_data (c), sector, DISK_SECTOR_SIZE / 2);
461 /* Writes SECTOR to channel C's data register in PIO mode.
462 SECTOR must contain DISK_SECTOR_SIZE bytes. */
464 output_sector (struct channel *c, const void *sector)
466 outsw (reg_data (c), sector, DISK_SECTOR_SIZE / 2);
469 /* Low-level ATA primitives. */
471 /* Wait up to 10 seconds for the controller to become idle, that
472 is, for the BSY and DRQ bits to clear in the status register.
474 As a side effect, reading the status register clears any
475 pending interrupt. */
477 wait_until_idle (const struct disk *d)
481 for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
483 if ((inb (reg_status (d->channel)) & (STA_BSY | STA_DRQ)) == 0)
488 printf ("%s: idle timeout\n", d->name);
491 /* Wait up to 30 seconds for disk D to clear BSY,
492 and then return the status of the DRQ bit.
493 The ATA standards say that a disk may take as long as that to
494 complete its reset. */
496 wait_while_busy (const struct disk *d)
498 struct channel *c = d->channel;
501 for (i = 0; i < 3000; i++)
504 printf ("%s: busy, waiting...", d->name);
505 if (!(inb (reg_alt_status (c)) & STA_BSY))
509 return (inb (reg_alt_status (c)) & STA_DRQ) != 0;
518 /* Program D's channel so that D is now the selected disk. */
520 select_device (const struct disk *d)
522 struct channel *c = d->channel;
523 uint8_t dev = DEV_MBS;
526 outb (reg_device (c), dev);
527 inb (reg_alt_status (c));
531 /* Select disk D in its channel, as select_device(), but wait for
532 the channel to become idle before and after. */
534 select_device_wait (const struct disk *d)
541 /* ATA interrupt handler. */
543 interrupt_handler (struct intr_frame *f)
547 for (c = channels; c < channels + CHANNEL_CNT; c++)
548 if (f->vec_no == c->irq)
550 if (c->expecting_interrupt)
552 inb (reg_status (c)); /* Acknowledge interrupt. */
553 sema_up (&c->completion_wait); /* Wake up waiter. */
556 printf ("%s: unexpected interrupt\n", c->name);