From: Ben Pfaff Date: Mon, 13 Dec 2004 22:42:01 +0000 (+0000) Subject: Support accurate short delays in the timer code, to speed up disk X-Git-Url: https://pintos-os.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?a=commitdiff_plain;h=2fb834e1f01b669851eee9e7a5598bc12df1e5ff;p=pintos-anon Support accurate short delays in the timer code, to speed up disk access. (Before, a "400 ns" sleep took up to 1/TIMER_FREQ seconds. Now it should be an accurate delays.) Update projects, tour. --- diff --git a/doc/threads.texi b/doc/threads.texi index 2e00326..49183be 100644 --- a/doc/threads.texi +++ b/doc/threads.texi @@ -387,11 +387,17 @@ advanced far enough. This is undesirable because it wastes time that could potentially be used more profitably by another thread. Your solution should not busy wait. -The argument to @func{timer_sleep} is expressed in timer ticks, not -in milliseconds or another unit. There are @code{TIMER_FREQ} timer +The argument to @func{timer_sleep} is expressed in timer ticks, not in +milliseconds or any another unit. There are @code{TIMER_FREQ} timer ticks per second, where @code{TIMER_FREQ} is a macro defined in @code{devices/timer.h}. +Separate functions @func{timer_msleep}, @func{timer_usleep}, and +@func{timer_nsleep} do exist for sleeping a specific number of +milliseconds, microseconds, or nanoseconds, respectively, but these will +call @func{timer_sleep} automatically when necessary. You do not need +to modify them. + If your delays seem too short or too long, reread the explanation of the @option{-r} option to @command{pintos} (@pxref{Debugging versus Testing}). diff --git a/doc/tour.texi b/doc/tour.texi index ee90cca..e9ba008 100644 --- a/doc/tour.texi +++ b/doc/tour.texi @@ -173,7 +173,8 @@ and @func{syscall_init}. Now that interrupts are set up, we can start preemptively scheduling threads with @func{thread_start}, which also enables interrupts. Interrupt-driven serial port I/O is also possible now, so we use -@func{serial_init_queue} to switch to that mode. +@func{serial_init_queue} to switch to that mode. Finally, +@func{timer_calibrate} calibrates the timer for accurate short delays. If the filesystem is compiled in, as it will be in project 2 and later, we now initialize the disks with @func{disk_init}, then the diff --git a/src/devices/disk.c b/src/devices/disk.c index 206f69c..971f3af 100644 --- a/src/devices/disk.c +++ b/src/devices/disk.c @@ -285,12 +285,12 @@ reset_channel (struct channel *c) /* Issue soft reset sequence, which selects device 0 as a side effect. Also enable interrupts. */ outb (reg_ctl (c), 0); - timer_sleep (timer_us2ticks (10)); + timer_usleep (10); outb (reg_ctl (c), CTL_SRST); - timer_sleep (timer_us2ticks (10)); + timer_usleep (10); outb (reg_ctl (c), 0); - timer_sleep (timer_ms2ticks (150)); + timer_msleep (150); /* Wait for device 0 to clear BSY. */ if (present[0]) @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ reset_channel (struct channel *c) { if (inb (reg_nsect (c)) == 1 && inb (reg_lbal (c)) == 1) break; - timer_sleep (timer_ms2ticks (10)); + timer_msleep (10); } wait_while_busy (&c->devices[1]); } @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ wait_until_idle (const struct disk *d) { if ((inb (reg_status (d->channel)) & (STA_BSY | STA_DRQ)) == 0) return; - timer_sleep (timer_us2ticks (10)); + timer_usleep (10); } printf ("%s: idle timeout\n", d->name); @@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ wait_while_busy (const struct disk *d) printf ("ok\n"); return (inb (reg_alt_status (c)) & STA_DRQ) != 0; } - timer_sleep (timer_ms2ticks (10)); + timer_msleep (10); } printf ("failed\n"); @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ select_device (const struct disk *d) dev |= DEV_DEV; outb (reg_device (c), dev); inb (reg_alt_status (c)); - timer_sleep (timer_ns2ticks (400)); + timer_nsleep (400); } /* Select disk D in its channel, as select_device(), but wait for diff --git a/src/devices/timer.c b/src/devices/timer.c index ecf6c5a..3724abf 100644 --- a/src/devices/timer.c +++ b/src/devices/timer.c @@ -23,7 +23,14 @@ /* Number of timer ticks since OS booted. */ static volatile int64_t ticks; +/* Number of loops per timer tick. + Initialized by timer_calibrate(). */ +static unsigned loops_per_tick; + static intr_handler_func timer_interrupt; +static bool too_many_loops (unsigned loops); +static void busy_wait (int64_t loops); +static void real_time_sleep (int64_t num, int32_t denom); /* Sets up the 8254 Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) to interrupt PIT_FREQ times per second, and registers the @@ -42,6 +49,30 @@ timer_init (void) intr_register (0x20, 0, INTR_OFF, timer_interrupt, "8254 Timer"); } +/* Calibrates loops_per_tick, used to implement brief delays. */ +void +timer_calibrate (void) +{ + unsigned high_bit, test_bit; + + ASSERT (intr_get_level () == INTR_ON); + printf ("Calibrating timer... "); + + /* Approximate loops_per_tick as the largest power-of-two + still less than one timer tick. */ + loops_per_tick = 1u << 10; + while (!too_many_loops (loops_per_tick << 1)) + loops_per_tick <<= 1; + + /* Refine the next 8 bits of loops_per_tick. */ + high_bit = loops_per_tick; + for (test_bit = high_bit >> 1; test_bit != high_bit >> 10; test_bit >>= 1) + if (!too_many_loops (high_bit | test_bit)) + loops_per_tick |= test_bit; + + printf ("%'"PRIu64" loops/s.\n", (uint64_t) loops_per_tick * TIMER_FREQ); +} + /* Returns the number of timer ticks since the OS booted. */ int64_t timer_ticks (void) @@ -71,29 +102,25 @@ timer_sleep (int64_t ticks) thread_yield (); } -/* Returns MS milliseconds in timer ticks, rounding up. */ -int64_t -timer_ms2ticks (int64_t ms) +/* Suspends execution for approximately MS milliseconds. */ +void +timer_msleep (int64_t ms) { - /* MS / 1000 s - ------------------------ = MS * TIMER_FREQ / 1000 ticks. - (1 / TIMER_FREQ) ticks/s - */ - return DIV_ROUND_UP (ms * TIMER_FREQ, 1000); + real_time_sleep (ms, 1000); } -/* Returns US microseconds in timer ticks, rounding up. */ -int64_t -timer_us2ticks (int64_t us) +/* Suspends execution for approximately US microseconds. */ +void +timer_usleep (int64_t us) { - return DIV_ROUND_UP (us * TIMER_FREQ, 1000000); + real_time_sleep (us, 1000 * 1000); } -/* Returns NS nanoseconds in timer ticks, rounding up. */ -int64_t -timer_ns2ticks (int64_t ns) +/* Suspends execution for approximately NS nanoseconds. */ +void +timer_nsleep (int64_t ns) { - return DIV_ROUND_UP (ns * TIMER_FREQ, 1000000000); + real_time_sleep (ns, 1000 * 1000 * 1000); } /* Prints timer statistics. */ @@ -112,3 +139,68 @@ timer_interrupt (struct intr_frame *args UNUSED) if (ticks % TIME_SLICE == 0) intr_yield_on_return (); } + +/* Returns true if LOOPS iterations waits for more than one timer + tick, otherwise false. */ +static bool +too_many_loops (unsigned loops) +{ + int64_t start; + + /* Wait for a timer tick. */ + start = ticks; + while (ticks == start) + continue; + + /* Run LOOPS loops. */ + start = ticks; + busy_wait (loops); + + /* If the tick count changed, we iterated too long. */ + return start != ticks; +} + +/* Iterates through a simple loop LOOPS times, for implementing + brief delays. + + Marked NO_INLINE because code alignment can significantly + affect timings, so that if this function was inlined + differently in different places the results would be difficult + to predict. */ +static void NO_INLINE +busy_wait (int64_t loops) +{ + while (loops-- > 0) + continue; +} + +/* Sleep for approximately NUM/DENOM seconds. */ +static void +real_time_sleep (int64_t num, int32_t denom) +{ + /* Convert NUM/DENOM seconds into timer ticks, rounding down. + + (NUM / DENOM) s + ---------------------- = NUM * TIMER_FREQ / DENOM ticks. + 1 s / TIMER_FREQ ticks + */ + int64_t ticks = num * TIMER_FREQ / denom; + + ASSERT (intr_get_level () == INTR_ON); + if (ticks > 0) + { + /* We're waiting for at least one full timer tick. Use + timer_sleep() because it will yield the CPU to other + processes. */ + timer_sleep (ticks); + } + else + { + /* Otherwise, use a busy-wait loop for more accurate + sub-tick timing. We scale the numerator and denominator + down by 1000 to avoid the possibility of overflow. */ + ASSERT (denom % 1000 == 0); + busy_wait (loops_per_tick * num / 1000 * TIMER_FREQ / (denom / 1000)); + } +} + diff --git a/src/devices/timer.h b/src/devices/timer.h index 59f7c9a..45a3f72 100644 --- a/src/devices/timer.h +++ b/src/devices/timer.h @@ -8,14 +8,15 @@ #define TIMER_FREQ 100 void timer_init (void); +void timer_calibrate (void); + int64_t timer_ticks (void); int64_t timer_elapsed (int64_t); void timer_sleep (int64_t ticks); - -int64_t timer_ms2ticks (int64_t ms); -int64_t timer_us2ticks (int64_t us); -int64_t timer_ns2ticks (int64_t ns); +void timer_msleep (int64_t milliseconds); +void timer_usleep (int64_t microseconds); +void timer_nsleep (int64_t nanoseconds); void timer_print_stats (void); diff --git a/src/threads/init.c b/src/threads/init.c index 741f0e4..1135ae7 100644 --- a/src/threads/init.c +++ b/src/threads/init.c @@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ main (void) /* Start thread scheduler and enable interrupts. */ thread_start (); serial_init_queue (); + timer_calibrate (); #ifdef FILESYS /* Initialize filesystem. */