X-Git-Url: https://pintos-os.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Ftutorial.texi;h=c6928c810c187def008b7a9456a62a2f0865fa91;hb=5cab4cf3322f29c0ed7134d23740e07382914f20;hp=47f22cc10323bd49ba520919a63290e0c35fefe3;hpb=37f0de7f0ee1870cf5fd4b802be092be844a5b95;p=pspp diff --git a/doc/tutorial.texi b/doc/tutorial.texi index 47f22cc103..c6928c810c 100644 --- a/doc/tutorial.texi +++ b/doc/tutorial.texi @@ -197,12 +197,15 @@ shown along with the data. It should show the following output: @example @group -Case# forename height ------ ------------ -------- - 1 Ahmed 188.00 - 2 Bertram 167.00 - 3 Catherine 134.23 - 4 David 109.10 + Data List ++-----------+---------+------+ +|Case Number| forename|height| ++-----------+---------+------+ +|1 |Ahmed |188.00| +|2 |Bertram |167.00| +|3 |Catherine|134.23| +|4 |David |109.10| ++-----------+---------+------+ @end group @end example @noindent @@ -350,14 +353,16 @@ data and identify the erroneous values. Output: @example -DESCRIPTIVES. Valid cases = 40; cases with missing value(s) = 0. -+--------#--+-------+-------+-------+-------+ -|Variable# N| Mean |Std Dev|Minimum|Maximum| -#========#==#=======#=======#=======#=======# -|sex #40| .45| .50| .00| 1.00| -|height #40|1677.12| 262.87| 179.00|1903.00| -|weight #40| 72.12| 26.70| -55.60| 92.07| -+--------#--+-------+-------+-------+-------+ + Descriptive Statistics ++---------------------+--+-------+-------+-------+-------+ +| | N| Mean |Std Dev|Minimum|Maximum| ++---------------------+--+-------+-------+-------+-------+ +|Sex of subject |40| .45| .50|Male |Female | +|Weight in kilograms |40| 72.12| 26.70| -55.6| 92.1| +|Height in millimeters|40|1677.12| 262.87| 179| 1903| +|Valid N (listwise) |40| | | | | +|Missing N (listwise) | 0| | | | | ++---------------------+--+-------+-------+-------+-------+ @end example @end cartouche @caption{Using the @cmd{DESCRIPTIVES} command to display simple @@ -395,25 +400,24 @@ represent data entry errors. Output: @example -#===============================#===========#=======# -# #Case Number| Value # -#===============================#===========#=======# -#Height in millimetres Highest 1# 14|1903.00# -# 2# 15|1884.00# -# 3# 12|1801.65# -# ----------#-----------+-------# -# Lowest 1# 30| 179.00# -# 2# 31|1598.00# -# 3# 28|1601.00# -# ----------#-----------+-------# -#Weight in kilograms Highest 1# 13| 92.07# -# 2# 5| 92.07# -# 3# 17| 91.74# -# ----------#-----------+-------# -# Lowest 1# 38| -55.60# -# 2# 39| 54.48# -# 3# 33| 55.45# -#===============================#===========#=======# + Extreme Values ++-------------------------------+-----------+-----+ +| |Case Number|Value| ++-------------------------------+-----------+-----+ +|Height in millimeters Highest 1| 14| 1903| +| 2| 15| 1884| +| 3| 12| 1802| +| Lowest 1| 30| 179| +| 2| 31| 1598| +| 3| 28| 1601| ++-------------------------------+-----------+-----+ +|Weight in kilograms Highest 1| 13| 92.1| +| 2| 5| 92.1| +| 3| 17| 91.7| +| Lowest 1| 38|-55.6| +| 2| 39| 54.5| +| 3| 33| 55.4| ++-------------------------------+-----------+-----+ @end example @end cartouche @caption{Using the @cmd{EXAMINE} command to see the extremities of the data @@ -523,21 +527,23 @@ negatively scaled variables) requests reliability statistics for Output (dictionary information omitted for clarity): @example -1.1 RELIABILITY. Case Processing Summary -#==============#==#======# -# # N| % # -#==============#==#======# -#Cases Valid #17|100.00# -# Excluded# 0| .00# -# Total #17|100.00# -#==============#==#======# - -1.2 RELIABILITY. Reliability Statistics -#================#==========# -#Cronbach's Alpha#N of Items# -#================#==========# -# .81# 3# -#================#==========# +Scale: ANY + +Case Processing Summary ++--------+--+-------+ +|Cases | N|Percent| ++--------+--+-------+ +|Valid |17| 100.0%| +|Excluded| 0| .0%| +|Total |17| 100.0%| ++--------+--+-------+ + + Reliability Statistics ++----------------+----------+ +|Cronbach's Alpha|N of Items| ++----------------+----------+ +| .81| 3| ++----------------+----------+ @end example @end cartouche @caption{Recoding negatively scaled variables, and testing for @@ -606,43 +612,66 @@ an appropriate non-parametric test instead of a linear one. Output: @example -1.2 EXAMINE. Descriptives -#====================================================#=========#==========# -# #Statistic|Std. Error# -#====================================================#=========#==========# -#mtbf Mean # 8.32 | 1.62 # -# 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound# 4.85 | # -# Upper Bound# 11.79 | # -# 5% Trimmed Mean # 7.69 | # -# Median # 8.12 | # -# Variance # 39.21 | # -# Std. Deviation # 6.26 | # -# Minimum # 1.63 | # -# Maximum # 26.47 | # -# Range # 24.84 | # -# Interquartile Range # 5.83 | # -# Skewness # 1.85 | .58 # -# Kurtosis # 4.49 | 1.12 # -#====================================================#=========#==========# - -2.2 EXAMINE. Descriptives -#====================================================#=========#==========# -# #Statistic|Std. Error# -#====================================================#=========#==========# -#mtbf_ln Mean # 1.88 | .19 # -# 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound# 1.47 | # -# Upper Bound# 2.29 | # -# 5% Trimmed Mean # 1.88 | # -# Median # 2.09 | # -# Variance # .54 | # -# Std. Deviation # .74 | # -# Minimum # .49 | # -# Maximum # 3.28 | # -# Range # 2.79 | # -# Interquartile Range # .92 | # -# Skewness # -.16 | .58 # -# Kurtosis # -.09 | 1.12 # -#====================================================#=========#==========# + Case Processing Summary ++-----------------------------------+-------------------------------+ +| | Cases | +| +----------+---------+----------+ +| | Valid | Missing | Total | +| | N|Percent|N|Percent| N|Percent| ++-----------------------------------+--+-------+-+-------+--+-------+ +|Mean time between failures (months)|15| 100.0%|0| .0%|15| 100.0%| ++-----------------------------------+--+-------+-+-------+--+-------+ + + Descriptives ++----------------------------------------------------------+---------+--------+ +| | | Std. | +| |Statistic| Error | ++----------------------------------------------------------+---------+--------+ +|Mean time between Mean | 8.32| 1.62| +|failures (months) 95% Confidence Interval Lower | 4.85| | +| for Mean Bound | | | +| Upper | 11.79| | +| Bound | | | +| 5% Trimmed Mean | 7.69| | +| Median | 8.12| | +| Variance | 39.21| | +| Std. Deviation | 6.26| | +| Minimum | 1.63| | +| Maximum | 26.47| | +| Range | 24.84| | +| Interquartile Range | 5.83| | +| Skewness | 1.85| .58| +| Kurtosis | 4.49| 1.12| ++----------------------------------------------------------+---------+--------+ + + Case Processing Summary ++-------+-------------------------------+ +| | Cases | +| +----------+---------+----------+ +| | Valid | Missing | Total | +| | N|Percent|N|Percent| N|Percent| ++-------+--+-------+-+-------+--+-------+ +|mtbf_ln|15| 100.0%|0| .0%|15| 100.0%| ++-------+--+-------+-+-------+--+-------+ + + Descriptives ++----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+ +| |Statistic|Std. Error| ++----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+ +|mtbf_ln Mean | 1.88| .19| +| 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound| 1.47| | +| Upper Bound| 2.29| | +| 5% Trimmed Mean | 1.88| | +| Median | 2.09| | +| Variance | .54| | +| Std. Deviation | .74| | +| Minimum | .49| | +| Maximum | 3.28| | +| Range | 2.79| | +| Interquartile Range | .92| | +| Skewness | -.16| .58| +| Kurtosis | -.09| 1.12| ++----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+ @end example @end cartouche @caption{Testing for normality using the @cmd{EXAMINE} command and applying @@ -752,28 +781,82 @@ suggest that the body temperature of male and female persons are different. @end example Output: @example -1.1 T-TEST. Group Statistics -#==================#==#=======#==============#========# -# sex | N| Mean |Std. Deviation|SE. Mean# -#==================#==#=======#==============#========# -#height Male |22|1796.49| 49.71| 10.60# -# Female|17|1610.77| 25.43| 6.17# -#temperature Male |22| 36.68| 1.95| .42# -# Female|18| 37.43| 1.61| .38# -#==================#==#=======#==============#========# -1.2 T-TEST. Independent Samples Test -#===========================#=========#=============================== =# -# # Levene's| t-test for Equality of Means # -# #----+----+------+-----+------+---------+- -# -# # | | | | | | # -# # | | | |Sig. 2| | # -# # F |Sig.| t | df |tailed|Mean Diff| # -#===========================#====#====#======#=====#======#=========#= =# -#height Equal variances# .97| .33| 14.02|37.00| .00| 185.72| ... # -# Unequal variances# | | 15.15|32.71| .00| 185.72| ... # -#temperature Equal variances# .31| .58| -1.31|38.00| .20| -.75| ... # -# Unequal variances# | | -1.33|37.99| .19| -.75| ... # -#===========================#====#====#======#=====#======#=========#= =# + Group Statistics ++-------------------------------------------+--+-------+-------------+--------+ +| | | | Std. | S.E. | +| Group | N| Mean | Deviation | Mean | ++-------------------------------------------+--+-------+-------------+--------+ +|Height in millimeters Male |22|1796.49| 49.71| 10.60| +| Female|17|1610.77| 25.43| 6.17| ++-------------------------------------------+--+-------+-------------+--------+ +|Internal body temperature in degrees Male |22| 36.68| 1.95| .42| +|Celcius Female|18| 37.43| 1.61| .38| ++-------------------------------------------+--+-------+-------------+--------+ + + Independent Samples Test ++---------------------+----------------------------------------------------- +| | Levene's +| | Test for +| | Equality +| | of +| | Variances T-Test for Equality of Means +| +----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+----------+ +| | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | Sig. | | | +| | | | | | (2- | Mean |Std. Error| +| | F | Sig.| t | df |tailed)|Difference|Difference| ++---------------------+----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+----------+ +|Height in Equal | .97| .331|14.02|37.00| .000| 185.72| 13.24| +|millimeters variances| | | | | | | | +| assumed | | | | | | | | +| Equal | | |15.15|32.71| .000| 185.72| 12.26| +| variances| | | | | | | | +| not | | | | | | | | +| assumed | | | | | | | | ++---------------------+----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+----------+ +|Internal Equal | .31| .581|-1.31|38.00| .198| -.75| .57| +|body variances| | | | | | | | +|temperature assumed | | | | | | | | +|in degrees Equal | | |-1.33|37.99| .190| -.75| .56| +|Celcius variances| | | | | | | | +| not | | | | | | | | +| assumed | | | | | | | | ++---------------------+----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+----------+ + ++---------------------+-------------+ +| | | +| | | +| | | +| | | +| | | +| +-------------+ +| | 95% | +| | Confidence | +| | Interval of | +| | the | +| | Difference | +| +------+------+ +| | Lower| Upper| ++---------------------+------+------+ +|Height in Equal |158.88|212.55| +|millimeters variances| | | +| assumed | | | +| Equal |160.76|210.67| +| variances| | | +| not | | | +| assumed | | | ++---------------------+------+------+ +|Internal Equal | -1.91| .41| +|body variances| | | +|temperature assumed | | | +|in degrees Equal | -1.89| .39| +|Celcius variances| | | +| not | | | +| assumed | | | ++---------------------+------+------+ @end example @end cartouche @caption{The @cmd{T-TEST} command tests for differences of means. @@ -816,44 +899,33 @@ identifies the potential linear relationship. @xref{REGRESSION}. @prompt{PSPP>} regression /variables = mtbf duty_cycle /dependent = mttr. @prompt{PSPP>} regression /variables = mtbf /dependent = mttr. @end example -Output: +Output (excerpts): @example -1.3(1) REGRESSION. Coefficients -#=============================================#====#==========#====#=====# -# # B |Std. Error|Beta| t # -#========#====================================#====#==========#====#=====# -# |(Constant) #9.81| 1.50| .00| 6.54# -# |Mean time between failures (months) #3.10| .10| .99|32.43# -# |Ratio of working to non-working time#1.09| 1.78| .02| .61# -# | # | | | # -#========#====================================#====#==========#====#=====# - -1.3(2) REGRESSION. Coefficients -#=============================================#============# -# #Significance# -#========#====================================#============# -# |(Constant) # .10# -# |Mean time between failures (months) # .00# -# |Ratio of working to non-working time# .55# -# | # # -#========#====================================#============# -2.3(1) REGRESSION. Coefficients -#============================================#=====#==========#====#=====# -# # B |Std. Error|Beta| t # -#========#===================================#=====#==========#====#=====# -# |(Constant) #10.50| .96| .00|10.96# -# |Mean time between failures (months)# 3.11| .09| .99|33.39# -# | # | | | # -#========#===================================#=====#==========#====#=====# - -2.3(2) REGRESSION. Coefficients -#============================================#============# -# #Significance# -#========#===================================#============# -# |(Constant) # .06# -# |Mean time between failures (months)# .00# -# | # # -#========#===================================#============# + Coefficients (Mean time to repair (hours) ) ++------------------------+-----------------------------------------+-----+----+ +| | Unstandardized Standardized | | | +| | Coefficients Coefficients | | | +| +---------+-----------+-------------------+ | | +| | B | Std. Error| Beta | t |Sig.| ++------------------------+---------+-----------+-------------------+-----+----+ +|(Constant) | 9.81| 1.50| .00| 6.54|.000| +|Mean time between | 3.10| .10| .99|32.43|.000| +|failures (months) | | | | | | +|Ratio of working to non-| 1.09| 1.78| .02| .61|.552| +|working time | | | | | | ++------------------------+---------+-----------+-------------------+-----+----+ + + Coefficients (Mean time to repair (hours) ) ++-----------------------+------------------------------------------+-----+----+ +| | Unstandardized Standardized | | | +| | Coefficients Coefficients | | | +| +---------+------------+-------------------+ | | +| | B | Std. Error | Beta | t |Sig.| ++-----------------------+---------+------------+-------------------+-----+----+ +|(Constant) | 10.50| .96| .00|10.96|.000| +|Mean time between | 3.11| .09| .99|33.39|.000| +|failures (months) | | | | | | ++-----------------------+---------+------------+-------------------+-----+----+ @end example @end cartouche @caption{Linear regression analysis to find a predictor for