X-Git-Url: https://pintos-os.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Ftour.texi;h=845a1c8b6f68904eb3289ed532e93b065832d853;hb=841338bbc961acad4ca01edb7b140578b477e1cf;hp=ae9e74ebc177ee3c0cf28258a5d6d01e038d9faa;hpb=e2c9945359a9fe72de7a6033370d52e55a26eb9f;p=pintos-anon diff --git a/doc/tour.texi b/doc/tour.texi index ae9e74e..845a1c8 100644 --- a/doc/tour.texi +++ b/doc/tour.texi @@ -173,7 +173,8 @@ and @func{syscall_init}. Now that interrupts are set up, we can start preemptively scheduling threads with @func{thread_start}, which also enables interrupts. Interrupt-driven serial port I/O is also possible now, so we use -@func{serial_init_queue} to switch to that mode. +@func{serial_init_queue} to switch to that mode. Finally, +@func{timer_calibrate} calibrates the timer for accurate short delays. If the filesystem is compiled in, as it will be in project 2 and later, we now initialize the disks with @func{disk_init}, then the @@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ threads to continue running. @end menu @node struct thread -@subsection @struct{thread} +@subsection @code{struct thread} The main Pintos data structure for threads is @struct{thread}, declared in @file{threads/thread.h}. @struct{thread} has these @@ -283,6 +284,7 @@ memory. The rest of the page is used for the thread's stack, which grows downward from the end of the page. It looks like this: @example +@group 4 kB +---------------------------------+ | kernel stack | | | | @@ -304,6 +306,7 @@ grows downward from the end of the page. It looks like this: | name | | status | 0 kB +---------------------------------+ +@end group @end example The upshot of this is twofold. First, @struct{thread} must not be @@ -346,8 +349,8 @@ called early in Pintos initialization. Called by @func{main} to start the scheduler. Creates the idle thread, that is, the thread that is scheduled when no other thread is ready. Then enables interrupts, which enables the scheduler because -processes are rescheduled in the return path from the timer -interrupt. FIXME +processes are rescheduled on return from the timer interrupt, using +@func{intr_yield_on_return} (@pxref{External Interrupt Handling}). @end deftypefun @deftypefun void thread_create (const char *@var{name}, int @var{priority}, thread_func *@var{func}, void *@var{aux}) @@ -492,7 +495,7 @@ is, kernel threads can be preempted at any time. Traditional Unix systems are ``nonpreemptible,'' that is, kernel threads can only be preempted at points where they explicitly call into the scheduler. User programs can be preempted at any time in both models. As you -might imagine, preemptible kernels require more use of +might imagine, preemptible kernels require more explicit synchronization. You should have little need to set the interrupt state directly. Most @@ -527,8 +530,8 @@ Turns interrupts off and returns the previous interrupt state. @node Semaphores @subsubsection Semaphores -A semaphore is a nonnegative integer along with two atomic operators -for manipulating it, which are: +A semaphore is a nonnegative integer along with two operators +for atomically manipulating it, which are: @itemize @bullet @item @@ -550,8 +553,10 @@ A semaphore initialized to 0 can be useful for waiting for an event that will happen exactly once. For example, suppose thread @var{A} starts another thread @var{B} and wants to wait for @var{B} to signal that some activity is complete. @var{A} can create a semaphore -initialized to 0, pass it to @var{B}, and then ``down'' the semaphore. -When @var{B} finishes its activity, it ``ups'' the semaphore. +initialized to 0, pass it to @var{B} as it starts it, and then +``down'' the semaphore. When @var{B} finishes its activity, it +``ups'' the semaphore. This works regardless of whether @var{A} +``downs'' the semaphore or @var{B} ``ups'' it first. Pintos declared its semaphore type and operations on them in @file{threads/synch.h}. @@ -591,7 +596,7 @@ semaphore is twofold. First, a semaphore can have a value greater than 1, but a lock can only be owned by a single thread at a time. Second, a semaphore does not have an owner, meaning that one thread can ``down'' the semaphore and then another one ``up'' it, but with a -lock the same thread must both acquire and release it. When these +lock a single thread must both acquire and release it. When these restrictions prove onerous, it's a good sign that a semaphore should be used, instead of a lock. @@ -630,8 +635,8 @@ A condition variable allows one piece of code to signal a condition and cooperating code to receive the signal and act upon it. Each condition variable is associated with a lock. A given condition variable is associated with only a single lock, but one lock may be -associated with any number of condition variables. A lock along with -all of its condition variables is known as a ``monitor.'' +associated with any number of condition variables. A set of condition +variables taken together with their lock is called a ``monitor.'' A thread that owns the monitor lock is said to be ``in the monitor.'' The thread in the monitor has control over all the data protected with @@ -733,7 +738,7 @@ timer, keyboard, serial ports, and disks. External interrupts are @dfn{asynchronous}, meaning that they don't occur in a fashion synchronized with anything going on in the CPU. External interrupts are what @func{intr_disable} and related functions can arrange to -temporarily ignore (@pxref{Disabling Interrupts}). +postpone (@pxref{Disabling Interrupts}). @item @dfn{Internal interrupts}, that is, interrupts caused by something