X-Git-Url: https://pintos-os.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fstatistics.texi;h=522ef4d3100a2132ec5752da4b180eac7a36a82a;hb=d573464ad00fdb72c27e3c36d8f862ef99249431;hp=9774c514aa7435081336084ae32e4f196fe8b8e6;hpb=0dd2514b4a6a1aed0d467779da855d217ac26df9;p=pspp diff --git a/doc/statistics.texi b/doc/statistics.texi index 9774c514aa..522ef4d310 100644 --- a/doc/statistics.texi +++ b/doc/statistics.texi @@ -1,3 +1,12 @@ +@c PSPP - a program for statistical analysis. +@c Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +@c Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +@c under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 +@c or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; +@c with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. +@c A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU +@c Free Documentation License". +@c @node Statistics @chapter Statistics @@ -61,11 +70,8 @@ excluded on a variable by variable basis; if @subcmd{LISTWISE} is set, then the entire case is excluded whenever any value in that case has a system-missing or, if @subcmd{INCLUDE} is set, user-missing value. -The @subcmd{FORMAT} subcommand affects the output format. Currently the -@subcmd{LABELS/NOLABELS} and @subcmd{NOINDEX/INDEX} settings are not used. -When @subcmd{SERIAL} is -set, both valid and missing number of cases are listed in the output; -when @subcmd{NOSERIAL} is set, only valid cases are listed. +The @subcmd{FORMAT} subcommand has no effect. It is accepted for +backward compatibility. The @subcmd{SAVE} subcommand causes @cmd{DESCRIPTIVES} to calculate Z scores for all the specified variables. The Z scores are saved to new variables. @@ -325,6 +331,15 @@ Zero, however is a special value. If @var{t} is 0 or is omitted, then data will be transformed by taking its natural logarithm instead of raising to the power of @var{t}. +@cindex Shapiro-Wilk +When one or more plots are requested, @subcmd{EXAMINE} also performs the +Shapiro-Wilk test for each category. +There are however a number of provisos: +@itemize +@item All weight values must be integer. +@item The cumulative weight value must be in the range [3, 5000] +@end itemize + The @subcmd{COMPARE} subcommand is only relevant if producing boxplots, and it is only useful there is more than one dependent variable and at least one factor. If @@ -597,6 +612,8 @@ CROSSTABS @{BOX,NOBOX@} /CELLS=@{COUNT,ROW,COLUMN,TOTAL,EXPECTED,RESIDUAL,SRESIDUAL, ASRESIDUAL,ALL,NONE@} + /COUNT=@{ASIS,CASE,CELL@} + @{ROUND,TRUNCATE@} /STATISTICS=@{CHISQ,PHI,CC,LAMBDA,UC,BTAU,CTAU,RISK,GAMMA,D, KAPPA,ETA,CORR,ALL,NONE@} /BARCHART @@ -635,8 +652,7 @@ When set to @subcmd{TABLE}, the default, missing values are dropped on a table b table basis. When set to @subcmd{INCLUDE}, user-missing values are included in tables and statistics. When set to @subcmd{REPORT}, which is allowed only in integer mode, user-missing values are included in tables but marked with -an @samp{M} (for ``missing'') and excluded from statistical -calculations. +a footnote and excluded from statistical calculations. Currently the @subcmd{WRITE} subcommand is ignored. @@ -696,6 +712,15 @@ Suppress cells entirely. If @subcmd{CELLS} is not specified at all then only @subcmd{COUNT} will be selected. +By default, crosstabulation and statistics use raw case weights, +without rounding. Use the @subcmd{/COUNT} subcommand to perform +rounding: CASE rounds the weights of individual weights as cases are +read, CELL rounds the weights of cells within each crosstabulation +table after it has been constructed, and ASIS explicitly specifies the +default non-rounding behavior. When rounding is requested, ROUND, the +default, rounds to the nearest integer and TRUNCATE rounds toward +zero. + The @subcmd{STATISTICS} subcommand selects statistics for computation: @table @asis @@ -774,7 +799,10 @@ Fixes for any of these deficiencies would be welcomed. @cindex data reduction @display -FACTOR VARIABLES=@var{var_list} +FACTOR @{ + VARIABLES=@var{var_list}, + MATRIX IN (@{CORR,COV@}=@{*,@var{file_spec}@}) + @} [ /METHOD = @{CORRELATION, COVARIANCE@} ] @@ -784,7 +812,7 @@ FACTOR VARIABLES=@var{var_list} [ /ROTATION=@{VARIMAX, EQUAMAX, QUARTIMAX, PROMAX[(@var{k})], NOROTATE@}] - [ /PRINT=[INITIAL] [EXTRACTION] [ROTATION] [UNIVARIATE] [CORRELATION] [COVARIANCE] [DET] [KMO] [SIG] [ALL] [DEFAULT] ] + [ /PRINT=[INITIAL] [EXTRACTION] [ROTATION] [UNIVARIATE] [CORRELATION] [COVARIANCE] [DET] [KMO] [AIC] [SIG] [ALL] [DEFAULT] ] [ /PLOT=[EIGEN] ] @@ -798,10 +826,21 @@ FACTOR VARIABLES=@var{var_list} The @cmd{FACTOR} command performs Factor Analysis or Principal Axis Factoring on a dataset. It may be used to find common factors in the data or for data reduction purposes. -The @subcmd{VARIABLES} subcommand is required. It lists the variables -which are to partake in the analysis. (The @subcmd{ANALYSIS} +The @subcmd{VARIABLES} subcommand is required (unless the @subcmd{MATRIX IN} +subcommand is used). +It lists the variables which are to partake in the analysis. (The @subcmd{ANALYSIS} subcommand may optionally further limit the variables that -participate; it is not useful and implemented only for compatibility.) +participate; it is useful primarily in conjunction with @subcmd{MATRIX IN}.) + +If @subcmd{MATRIX IN} instead of @subcmd{VARIABLES} is specified, then the analysis +is performed on a pre-prepared correlation or covariance matrix file instead of on +individual data cases. Typically the matrix file will have been generated by +@cmd{MATRIX DATA} (@pxref{MATRIX DATA}) or provided by a third party. +If specified, @subcmd{MATRIX IN} must be followed by @samp{COV} or @samp{CORR}, +then by @samp{=} and @var{file_spec} all in parentheses. +@var{file_spec} may either be an asterisk, which indicates the currently loaded +dataset, or it may be a filename to be loaded. @xref{MATRIX DATA}, for the expected +format of the file. The @subcmd{/EXTRACTION} subcommand is used to specify the way in which factors (components) are extracted from the data. If @subcmd{PC} is specified, then Principal Components Analysis is used. @@ -837,6 +876,8 @@ The @subcmd{/PRINT} subcommand may be used to select which features of the analy The covariance matrix is printed. @item @subcmd{DET} The determinant of the correlation or covariance matrix is printed. +@item @subcmd{AIC} + The anti-image covariance and anti-image correlation matrices are printed. @item @subcmd{KMO} The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and the Bartlett test of sphericity is printed. @item @subcmd{SIG} @@ -940,12 +981,13 @@ implies the model The @subcmd{MISSING} subcommand determines the handling of missing variables. -If @subcmd{INCLUDE} is set, then user-missing values are included in the -calculations, but system-missing values are not. -If @subcmd{EXCLUDE} is set, which is the default, user-missing -values are excluded as well as system-missing values. -This is the default. - +If @subcmd{INCLUDE} is set then, for the purposes of GLM analysis, +only system-missing values are considered +to be missing; user-missing values are not regarded as missing. +If @subcmd{EXCLUDE} is set, which is the default, then user-missing +values are considered to be missing as well as system-missing values. +A case for which any dependent variable or any factor +variable has a missing value is excluded from the analysis. @node LOGISTIC REGRESSION @section LOGISTIC REGRESSION @@ -1055,7 +1097,7 @@ MEANS [TABLES =] [ALL] [NONE] ] - [/MISSING = [TABLE] [INCLUDE] [DEPENDENT]] + [/MISSING = [INCLUDE] [DEPENDENT]] @end display You can use the @cmd{MEANS} command to calculate the arithmetic mean and similar @@ -1159,10 +1201,6 @@ encountered. This behaviour can be modified with the @subcmd{/MISSING} subcommand. Three options are possible: @subcmd{TABLE}, @subcmd{INCLUDE} and @subcmd{DEPENDENT}. -@subcmd{/MISSING = TABLE} causes cases to be dropped if any variable is missing -in the table specification currently being processed, regardless of -whether it is needed to calculate the statistic. - @subcmd{/MISSING = INCLUDE} says that user missing values, either in the dependent variables or in the categorical variables should be taken at their face value, and not excluded. @@ -1777,6 +1815,7 @@ QUICK CLUSTER @var{var_list} [/CRITERIA=CLUSTERS(@var{k}) [MXITER(@var{max_iter})] CONVERGE(@var{epsilon}) [NOINITIAL]] [/MISSING=@{EXCLUDE,INCLUDE@} @{LISTWISE, PAIRWISE@}] [/PRINT=@{INITIAL@} @{CLUSTER@}] + [/SAVE[=[CLUSTER[(@var{membership_var})]] [DISTANCE[(@var{distance_var})]]] @end display The @cmd{QUICK CLUSTER} command performs k-means clustering on the @@ -1829,6 +1868,13 @@ be printed. If @subcmd{CLUSTER} is set, the cluster memberships of the individual cases will be displayed (potentially generating lengthy output). +You can specify the subcommand @subcmd{SAVE} to ask that each case's cluster membership +and the euclidean distance between the case and its cluster center be saved to +a new variable in the active dataset. To save the cluster membership use the +@subcmd{CLUSTER} keyword and to save the distance use the @subcmd{DISTANCE} keyword. +Each keyword may optionally be followed by a variable name in parentheses to specify +the new variable which is to contain the saved parameter. If no variable name is specified, +then PSPP will create one. @node RANK @section RANK