X-Git-Url: https://pintos-os.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fdata-io.texi;h=67136088a120e043d9f48b2f0577b7e03b941404;hb=3f3acd91293bc94ecf5183df253d1b138987726f;hp=9341a58c8a794a06edf59cf1c9615b546dd38220;hpb=5dbf5abcbed01f04422d4dead1c0ae0bb7efde4f;p=pspp diff --git a/doc/data-io.texi b/doc/data-io.texi index 9341a58c8a..67136088a1 100644 --- a/doc/data-io.texi +++ b/doc/data-io.texi @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ @cindex cases @cindex observations -Data are the focus of the @pspp{} language. +Data are the focus of the @pspp{} language. Each datum belongs to a @dfn{case} (also called an @dfn{observation}). Each case represents an individual or ``experimental unit''. For example, in the results of a survey, the names of the respondents, @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ The DATASET DECLARE command creates a new dataset that is initially ``empty,'' that is, it has no dictionary or data. If a dataset with the given name already exists, this has no effect. The new dataset can be used with commands that support output to a dataset, -e.g. AGGREGATE (@pxref{AGGREGATE}). +@i{e.g.} AGGREGATE (@pxref{AGGREGATE}). @vindex DATASET CLOSE The DATASET CLOSE command deletes a dataset. If the active dataset is @@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ the beginning of an input file. It can be used to skip over a row that contains variable names, for example. @cmd{DATA LIST} can optionally output a table describing how the data file -will be read. The @subcmd{TABLE} subcommand enables this output, and +is read. The @subcmd{TABLE} subcommand enables this output, and @subcmd{NOTABLE} disables it. The default is to output the table. The list of variables to be read from the data list must come last. @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ changed; see @ref{SET} for more information.) In columnar style, to use a variable format other than the default, specify the format type in parentheses after the column numbers. For -instance, for alphanumeric @samp{A} format, use @samp{(A)}. +instance, for alphanumeric @samp{A} format, use @samp{(A)}. In addition, implied decimal places can be specified in parentheses after the column numbers. As an example, suppose that a data file has a @@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ FORTRAN and columnar styles may be freely intermixed. Columnar style leaves the active column immediately after the ending column specified. Record motion using @code{NEWREC} in FORTRAN style also applies to later FORTRAN and columnar specifiers. - + @menu * DATA LIST FIXED Examples:: Examples of DATA LIST FIXED. @end menu @@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ The variables to be parsed are given as a single list of variable names. This list must be introduced by a single slash (@samp{/}). The set of variable names may contain format specifications in parentheses (@pxref{Input and Output Formats}). Format specifications apply to all -variables back to the previous parenthesized format specification. +variables back to the previous parenthesized format specification. In addition, an asterisk may be used to indicate that all variables preceding it are to have input/output format @samp{F8.0}. @@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ For reading text files in CHARACTER mode, all of the forms described for ENCODING on the INSERT command are supported (@pxref{INSERT}). For reading in other file-based modes, encoding autodetection is not supported; if the specified encoding requests autodetection then the -default encoding will be used. This is also true when a file handle +default encoding is used. This is also true when a file handle is used for writing a file in any mode. @node INPUT PROGRAM @@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ the extra data in the longer file is ignored. @example INPUT PROGRAM. NUMERIC #A #B. - + DO IF NOT #A. DATA LIST NOTABLE END=#A FILE='a.data'/X 1-10. END IF. @@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ MATRIX DATA The @cmd{MATRIX DATA} command is used to input data in the form of matrices which can subsequently be used by other commands. If the @subcmd{FILE} is omitted or takes the value @samp{INLINE} then the command -should immediately followed by @cmd{BEGIN DATA}, @xref{BEGIN DATA}. +should immediately followed by @cmd{BEGIN DATA} (@pxref{BEGIN DATA}). There is one mandatory subcommand, @i{viz:} @subcmd{VARIABLES}, which defines the @var{columns} of the matrix. @@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ end data. @vindex PRINT @display -PRINT +PRINT [OUTFILE='@var{file_name}'] [RECORDS=@var{n_lines}] [@{NOTABLE,TABLE@}] @@ -1151,10 +1151,11 @@ are specified, @cmd{PRINT} outputs a single blank line. The @subcmd{OUTFILE} subcommand specifies the file to receive the output. The file may be a file name as a string or a file handle (@pxref{File -Handles}). If @subcmd{OUTFILE} is not present then output will be sent to -@pspp{}'s output listing file. When @subcmd{OUTFILE} is present, a space is -inserted at beginning of each output line, even lines that otherwise -would be blank. +Handles}). If @subcmd{OUTFILE} is not present then output is sent to +@pspp{}'s output listing file. When @subcmd{OUTFILE} is present, the +output is written to @var{file_name} in a plain text format, with a +space inserted at beginning of each output line, even lines that +otherwise would be blank. The @subcmd{ENCODING} subcommand may only be used if the @subcmd{OUTFILE} subcommand is also used. It specifies the character @@ -1170,15 +1171,15 @@ default, suppresses this output table. Introduce the strings and variables to be printed with a slash (@samp{/}). Optionally, the slash may be followed by a number -indicating which output line will be specified. In the absence of this -line number, the next line number will be specified. Multiple lines may +indicating which output line is specified. In the absence of this +line number, the next line number is specified. Multiple lines may be specified using multiple slashes with the intended output for a line following its respective slash. Literal strings may be printed. Specify the string itself. Optionally the string may be followed by a column number, specifying the column on the line where the string should start. Otherwise, the -string will be printed at the current position on the line. +string is printed at the current position on the line. Variables to be printed can be specified in the same ways as available for @cmd{DATA LIST FIXED} (@pxref{DATA LIST FIXED}). In addition, a @@ -1186,10 +1187,10 @@ variable list may be followed by an asterisk (@samp{*}), which indicates that the variables should be printed in their dictionary print formats, separated by spaces. A variable list followed by a slash or the end of command -will be interpreted the same way. +is interpreted in the same way. If a FORTRAN type specification is used to move backwards on the current -line, then text is written at that point on the line, the line will be +line, then text is written at that point on the line, the line is truncated to that length, although additional text being added will again extend the line to that length. @@ -1198,7 +1199,7 @@ again extend the line to that length. @vindex PRINT EJECT @display -PRINT EJECT +PRINT EJECT OUTFILE='@var{file_name}' RECORDS=@var{n_lines} @{NOTABLE,TABLE@} @@ -1240,7 +1241,7 @@ PRINT SPACE [OUTFILE='file_name'] [ENCODING='@var{encoding}'] [n_lines]. The @subcmd{OUTFILE} subcommand is optional. It may be used to direct output to a file specified by file name as a string or file handle (@pxref{File -Handles}). If OUTFILE is not specified then output will be directed to +Handles}). If OUTFILE is not specified then output is directed to the listing file. The @subcmd{ENCODING} subcommand may only be used if @subcmd{OUTFILE} @@ -1267,7 +1268,7 @@ for further processing. The @subcmd{FILE} subcommand, which is optional, is used to specify the file to have its line re-read. The file must be specified as the name of a file handle (@pxref{File Handles}). If FILE is not specified then the last -file specified on @cmd{DATA LIST} will be assumed (last file specified +file specified on @cmd{DATA LIST} is assumed (last file specified lexically, not in terms of flow-of-control). By default, the line re-read is re-read in its entirety. With the @@ -1370,7 +1371,7 @@ structure (@pxref{LOOP}). Use @cmd{DATA LIST} before, not after, @vindex WRITE @display -WRITE +WRITE OUTFILE='@var{file_name}' RECORDS=@var{n_lines} @{NOTABLE,TABLE@} @@ -1383,7 +1384,7 @@ WRITE @var{var_list} * @end display -@code{WRITE} writes text or binary data to an output file. +@code{WRITE} writes text or binary data to an output file. @xref{PRINT}, for more information on syntax and usage. @cmd{PRINT} and @cmd{WRITE} differ in only a few ways: