It should show the following output:
@example
@group
-Case# forename height
------ ------------ --------
- 1 Ahmed 188.00
- 2 Bertram 167.00
- 3 Catherine 134.23
- 4 David 109.10
+ Data List
++-----------+---------+------+
+|Case Number| forename|height|
++-----------+---------+------+
+|1 |Ahmed |188.00|
+|2 |Bertram |167.00|
+|3 |Catherine|134.23|
+|4 |David |109.10|
++-----------+---------+------+
@end group
@end example
@noindent
Output:
@example
-DESCRIPTIVES. Valid cases = 40; cases with missing value(s) = 0.
-+--------#--+-------+-------+-------+-------+
-|Variable# N| Mean |Std Dev|Minimum|Maximum|
-#========#==#=======#=======#=======#=======#
-|sex #40| .45| .50| .00| 1.00|
-|height #40|1677.12| 262.87| 179.00|1903.00|
-|weight #40| 72.12| 26.70| -55.60| 92.07|
-+--------#--+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+ Descriptive Statistics
++---------------------+--+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+| | N| Mean |Std Dev|Minimum|Maximum|
++---------------------+--+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+|Sex of subject |40| .45| .50|Male |Female |
+|Weight in kilograms |40| 72.12| 26.70| -55.6| 92.1|
+|Height in millimeters|40|1677.12| 262.87| 179| 1903|
+|Valid N (listwise) |40| | | | |
+|Missing N (listwise) | 0| | | | |
++---------------------+--+-------+-------+-------+-------+
@end example
@end cartouche
@caption{Using the @cmd{DESCRIPTIVES} command to display simple
We can examine the data in more detail with the @cmd{EXAMINE}
command (@pxref{EXAMINE}):
-In @ref{examine} you can see that the lowest value of @var{height} is
+In @ref{ex1} you can see that the lowest value of @var{height} is
179 (which we suspect to be erroneous), but the second lowest is 1598
which
we know from the @cmd{DESCRIPTIVES} command
This suggests that the two extreme values are outliers and probably
represent data entry errors.
-@float Example, examine
+@float Example, ex1
@cartouche
[@dots{} continue from @ref{descriptives}]
@example
Output:
@example
-#===============================#===========#=======#
-# #Case Number| Value #
-#===============================#===========#=======#
-#Height in millimetres Highest 1# 14|1903.00#
-# 2# 15|1884.00#
-# 3# 12|1801.65#
-# ----------#-----------+-------#
-# Lowest 1# 30| 179.00#
-# 2# 31|1598.00#
-# 3# 28|1601.00#
-# ----------#-----------+-------#
-#Weight in kilograms Highest 1# 13| 92.07#
-# 2# 5| 92.07#
-# 3# 17| 91.74#
-# ----------#-----------+-------#
-# Lowest 1# 38| -55.60#
-# 2# 39| 54.48#
-# 3# 33| 55.45#
-#===============================#===========#=======#
+ Extreme Values
++-------------------------------+-----------+-----+
+| |Case Number|Value|
++-------------------------------+-----------+-----+
+|Height in millimeters Highest 1| 14| 1903|
+| 2| 15| 1884|
+| 3| 12| 1802|
+| Lowest 1| 30| 179|
+| 2| 31| 1598|
+| 3| 28| 1601|
++-------------------------------+-----------+-----+
+|Weight in kilograms Highest 1| 13| 92.1|
+| 2| 5| 92.1|
+| 3| 17| 91.7|
+| Lowest 1| 38|-55.6|
+| 2| 39| 54.5|
+| 3| 33| 55.4|
++-------------------------------+-----------+-----+
@end example
@end cartouche
@caption{Using the @cmd{EXAMINE} command to see the extremities of the data
For detailed information about the @cmd{RECODE} command @pxref{RECODE}.
If you now re-run the @cmd{DESCRIPTIVES} or @cmd{EXAMINE} commands in
-@ref{descriptives} and @ref{examine} you
+@ref{descriptives} and @ref{ex1} you
will see a data summary with more plausible parameters.
You will also notice that the data summaries indicate the two missing values.
Output (dictionary information omitted for clarity):
@example
-1.1 RELIABILITY. Case Processing Summary
-#==============#==#======#
-# # N| % #
-#==============#==#======#
-#Cases Valid #17|100.00#
-# Excluded# 0| .00#
-# Total #17|100.00#
-#==============#==#======#
-
-1.2 RELIABILITY. Reliability Statistics
-#================#==========#
-#Cronbach's Alpha#N of Items#
-#================#==========#
-# .81# 3#
-#================#==========#
+Scale: ANY
+
+Case Processing Summary
++--------+--+-------+
+|Cases | N|Percent|
++--------+--+-------+
+|Valid |17| 100.0%|
+|Excluded| 0| .0%|
+|Total |17| 100.0%|
++--------+--+-------+
+
+ Reliability Statistics
++----------------+----------+
+|Cronbach's Alpha|N of Items|
++----------------+----------+
+| .81| 3|
++----------------+----------+
@end example
@end cartouche
@caption{Recoding negatively scaled variables, and testing for
Output:
@example
-1.2 EXAMINE. Descriptives
-#====================================================#=========#==========#
-# #Statistic|Std. Error#
-#====================================================#=========#==========#
-#mtbf Mean # 8.32 | 1.62 #
-# 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound# 4.85 | #
-# Upper Bound# 11.79 | #
-# 5% Trimmed Mean # 7.69 | #
-# Median # 8.12 | #
-# Variance # 39.21 | #
-# Std. Deviation # 6.26 | #
-# Minimum # 1.63 | #
-# Maximum # 26.47 | #
-# Range # 24.84 | #
-# Interquartile Range # 5.83 | #
-# Skewness # 1.85 | .58 #
-# Kurtosis # 4.49 | 1.12 #
-#====================================================#=========#==========#
-
-2.2 EXAMINE. Descriptives
-#====================================================#=========#==========#
-# #Statistic|Std. Error#
-#====================================================#=========#==========#
-#mtbf_ln Mean # 1.88 | .19 #
-# 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound# 1.47 | #
-# Upper Bound# 2.29 | #
-# 5% Trimmed Mean # 1.88 | #
-# Median # 2.09 | #
-# Variance # .54 | #
-# Std. Deviation # .74 | #
-# Minimum # .49 | #
-# Maximum # 3.28 | #
-# Range # 2.79 | #
-# Interquartile Range # .92 | #
-# Skewness # -.16 | .58 #
-# Kurtosis # -.09 | 1.12 #
-#====================================================#=========#==========#
+ Case Processing Summary
++-----------------------------------+-------------------------------+
+| | Cases |
+| +----------+---------+----------+
+| | Valid | Missing | Total |
+| | N|Percent|N|Percent| N|Percent|
++-----------------------------------+--+-------+-+-------+--+-------+
+|Mean time between failures (months)|15| 100.0%|0| .0%|15| 100.0%|
++-----------------------------------+--+-------+-+-------+--+-------+
+
+ Descriptives
++----------------------------------------------------------+---------+--------+
+| | | Std. |
+| |Statistic| Error |
++----------------------------------------------------------+---------+--------+
+|Mean time between Mean | 8.32| 1.62|
+|failures (months) 95% Confidence Interval Lower | 4.85| |
+| for Mean Bound | | |
+| Upper | 11.79| |
+| Bound | | |
+| 5% Trimmed Mean | 7.69| |
+| Median | 8.12| |
+| Variance | 39.21| |
+| Std. Deviation | 6.26| |
+| Minimum | 1.63| |
+| Maximum | 26.47| |
+| Range | 24.84| |
+| Interquartile Range | 5.83| |
+| Skewness | 1.85| .58|
+| Kurtosis | 4.49| 1.12|
++----------------------------------------------------------+---------+--------+
+
+ Case Processing Summary
++-------+-------------------------------+
+| | Cases |
+| +----------+---------+----------+
+| | Valid | Missing | Total |
+| | N|Percent|N|Percent| N|Percent|
++-------+--+-------+-+-------+--+-------+
+|mtbf_ln|15| 100.0%|0| .0%|15| 100.0%|
++-------+--+-------+-+-------+--+-------+
+
+ Descriptives
++----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
+| |Statistic|Std. Error|
++----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
+|mtbf_ln Mean | 1.88| .19|
+| 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound| 1.47| |
+| Upper Bound| 2.29| |
+| 5% Trimmed Mean | 1.88| |
+| Median | 2.09| |
+| Variance | .54| |
+| Std. Deviation | .74| |
+| Minimum | .49| |
+| Maximum | 3.28| |
+| Range | 2.79| |
+| Interquartile Range | .92| |
+| Skewness | -.16| .58|
+| Kurtosis | -.09| 1.12|
++----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
@end example
@end cartouche
@caption{Testing for normality using the @cmd{EXAMINE} command and applying
@end example
Output:
@example
-1.1 T-TEST. Group Statistics
-#==================#==#=======#==============#========#
-# sex | N| Mean |Std. Deviation|SE. Mean#
-#==================#==#=======#==============#========#
-#height Male |22|1796.49| 49.71| 10.60#
-# Female|17|1610.77| 25.43| 6.17#
-#temperature Male |22| 36.68| 1.95| .42#
-# Female|18| 37.43| 1.61| .38#
-#==================#==#=======#==============#========#
-1.2 T-TEST. Independent Samples Test
-#===========================#=========#=============================== =#
-# # Levene's| t-test for Equality of Means #
-# #----+----+------+-----+------+---------+- -#
-# # | | | | | | #
-# # | | | |Sig. 2| | #
-# # F |Sig.| t | df |tailed|Mean Diff| #
-#===========================#====#====#======#=====#======#=========#= =#
-#height Equal variances# .97| .33| 14.02|37.00| .00| 185.72| ... #
-# Unequal variances# | | 15.15|32.71| .00| 185.72| ... #
-#temperature Equal variances# .31| .58| -1.31|38.00| .20| -.75| ... #
-# Unequal variances# | | -1.33|37.99| .19| -.75| ... #
-#===========================#====#====#======#=====#======#=========#= =#
+ Group Statistics
++-------------------------------------------+--+-------+-------------+--------+
+| | | | Std. | S.E. |
+| Group | N| Mean | Deviation | Mean |
++-------------------------------------------+--+-------+-------------+--------+
+|Height in millimeters Male |22|1796.49| 49.71| 10.60|
+| Female|17|1610.77| 25.43| 6.17|
++-------------------------------------------+--+-------+-------------+--------+
+|Internal body temperature in degrees Male |22| 36.68| 1.95| .42|
+|Celcius Female|18| 37.43| 1.61| .38|
++-------------------------------------------+--+-------+-------------+--------+
+
+ Independent Samples Test
++---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------
+| | Levene's
+| | Test for
+| | Equality
+| | of
+| | Variances T-Test for Equality of Means
+| +----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+----------+
+| | | | | | | | |
+| | | | | | | | |
+| | | | | | | | |
+| | | | | | | | |
+| | | | | | Sig. | | |
+| | | | | | (2- | Mean |Std. Error|
+| | F | Sig.| t | df |tailed)|Difference|Difference|
++---------------------+----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+----------+
+|Height in Equal | .97| .331|14.02|37.00| .000| 185.72| 13.24|
+|millimeters variances| | | | | | | |
+| assumed | | | | | | | |
+| Equal | | |15.15|32.71| .000| 185.72| 12.26|
+| variances| | | | | | | |
+| not | | | | | | | |
+| assumed | | | | | | | |
++---------------------+----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+----------+
+|Internal Equal | .31| .581|-1.31|38.00| .198| -.75| .57|
+|body variances| | | | | | | |
+|temperature assumed | | | | | | | |
+|in degrees Equal | | |-1.33|37.99| .190| -.75| .56|
+|Celcius variances| | | | | | | |
+| not | | | | | | | |
+| assumed | | | | | | | |
++---------------------+----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+----------+
+
++---------------------+-------------+
+| | |
+| | |
+| | |
+| | |
+| | |
+| +-------------+
+| | 95% |
+| | Confidence |
+| | Interval of |
+| | the |
+| | Difference |
+| +------+------+
+| | Lower| Upper|
++---------------------+------+------+
+|Height in Equal |158.88|212.55|
+|millimeters variances| | |
+| assumed | | |
+| Equal |160.76|210.67|
+| variances| | |
+| not | | |
+| assumed | | |
++---------------------+------+------+
+|Internal Equal | -1.91| .41|
+|body variances| | |
+|temperature assumed | | |
+|in degrees Equal | -1.89| .39|
+|Celcius variances| | |
+| not | | |
+| assumed | | |
++---------------------+------+------+
@end example
@end cartouche
@caption{The @cmd{T-TEST} command tests for differences of means.
@prompt{PSPP>} regression /variables = mtbf duty_cycle /dependent = mttr.
@prompt{PSPP>} regression /variables = mtbf /dependent = mttr.
@end example
-Output:
+Output (excerpts):
@example
-1.3(1) REGRESSION. Coefficients
-#=============================================#====#==========#====#=====#
-# # B |Std. Error|Beta| t #
-#========#====================================#====#==========#====#=====#
-# |(Constant) #9.81| 1.50| .00| 6.54#
-# |Mean time between failures (months) #3.10| .10| .99|32.43#
-# |Ratio of working to non-working time#1.09| 1.78| .02| .61#
-# | # | | | #
-#========#====================================#====#==========#====#=====#
-
-1.3(2) REGRESSION. Coefficients
-#=============================================#============#
-# #Significance#
-#========#====================================#============#
-# |(Constant) # .10#
-# |Mean time between failures (months) # .00#
-# |Ratio of working to non-working time# .55#
-# | # #
-#========#====================================#============#
-2.3(1) REGRESSION. Coefficients
-#============================================#=====#==========#====#=====#
-# # B |Std. Error|Beta| t #
-#========#===================================#=====#==========#====#=====#
-# |(Constant) #10.50| .96| .00|10.96#
-# |Mean time between failures (months)# 3.11| .09| .99|33.39#
-# | # | | | #
-#========#===================================#=====#==========#====#=====#
-
-2.3(2) REGRESSION. Coefficients
-#============================================#============#
-# #Significance#
-#========#===================================#============#
-# |(Constant) # .06#
-# |Mean time between failures (months)# .00#
-# | # #
-#========#===================================#============#
+ Coefficients (Mean time to repair (hours) )
++------------------------+-----------------------------------------+-----+----+
+| | Unstandardized Standardized | | |
+| | Coefficients Coefficients | | |
+| +---------+-----------+-------------------+ | |
+| | B | Std. Error| Beta | t |Sig.|
++------------------------+---------+-----------+-------------------+-----+----+
+|(Constant) | 9.81| 1.50| .00| 6.54|.000|
+|Mean time between | 3.10| .10| .99|32.43|.000|
+|failures (months) | | | | | |
+|Ratio of working to non-| 1.09| 1.78| .02| .61|.552|
+|working time | | | | | |
++------------------------+---------+-----------+-------------------+-----+----+
+
+ Coefficients (Mean time to repair (hours) )
++-----------------------+------------------------------------------+-----+----+
+| | Unstandardized Standardized | | |
+| | Coefficients Coefficients | | |
+| +---------+------------+-------------------+ | |
+| | B | Std. Error | Beta | t |Sig.|
++-----------------------+---------+------------+-------------------+-----+----+
+|(Constant) | 10.50| .96| .00|10.96|.000|
+|Mean time between | 3.11| .09| .99|33.39|.000|
+|failures (months) | | | | | |
++-----------------------+---------+------------+-------------------+-----+----+
@end example
@end cartouche
@caption{Linear regression analysis to find a predictor for