2 * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Nicira, Inc.
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
18 #include "socket-util.h"
19 #include <arpa/inet.h>
30 #include <sys/resource.h>
31 #include <sys/socket.h>
35 #include "dynamic-string.h"
36 #include "fatal-signal.h"
40 #if AF_PACKET && __linux__
41 #include <linux/if_packet.h>
44 #include "netlink-protocol.h"
45 #include "netlink-socket.h"
48 VLOG_DEFINE_THIS_MODULE(socket_util);
50 /* #ifdefs make it a pain to maintain code: you have to try to build both ways.
51 * Thus, this file compiles all of the code regardless of the target, by
52 * writing "if (LINUX)" instead of "#ifdef __linux__". */
63 static int getsockopt_int(int fd, int level, int option, const char *optname,
66 /* Sets 'fd' to non-blocking mode. Returns 0 if successful, otherwise a
67 * positive errno value. */
69 set_nonblocking(int fd)
71 int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
73 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) != -1) {
76 VLOG_ERR("fcntl(F_SETFL) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
80 VLOG_ERR("fcntl(F_GETFL) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
86 xset_nonblocking(int fd)
88 if (set_nonblocking(fd)) {
94 set_dscp(int fd, uint8_t dscp)
101 if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, &dscp, sizeof dscp)) {
109 rlim_is_finite(rlim_t limit)
111 if (limit == RLIM_INFINITY) {
115 #ifdef RLIM_SAVED_CUR /* FreeBSD 8.0 lacks RLIM_SAVED_CUR. */
116 if (limit == RLIM_SAVED_CUR) {
121 #ifdef RLIM_SAVED_MAX /* FreeBSD 8.0 lacks RLIM_SAVED_MAX. */
122 if (limit == RLIM_SAVED_MAX) {
130 /* Returns the maximum valid FD value, plus 1. */
134 static int max_fds = -1;
137 if (!getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &r) && rlim_is_finite(r.rlim_cur)) {
138 max_fds = r.rlim_cur;
140 VLOG_WARN("failed to obtain fd limit, defaulting to 1024");
147 /* Translates 'host_name', which must be a string representation of an IP
148 * address, into a numeric IP address in '*addr'. Returns 0 if successful,
149 * otherwise a positive errno value. */
151 lookup_ip(const char *host_name, struct in_addr *addr)
153 if (!inet_aton(host_name, addr)) {
154 static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
155 VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "\"%s\" is not a valid IP address", host_name);
161 /* Translates 'host_name', which must be a string representation of an IPv6
162 * address, into a numeric IPv6 address in '*addr'. Returns 0 if successful,
163 * otherwise a positive errno value. */
165 lookup_ipv6(const char *host_name, struct in6_addr *addr)
167 if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, host_name, addr) != 1) {
168 static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
169 VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "\"%s\" is not a valid IPv6 address", host_name);
175 /* Translates 'host_name', which must be a host name or a string representation
176 * of an IP address, into a numeric IP address in '*addr'. Returns 0 if
177 * successful, otherwise a positive errno value.
179 * Most Open vSwitch code should not use this because it causes deadlocks:
180 * gethostbyname() sends out a DNS request but that starts a new flow for which
181 * OVS must set up a flow, but it can't because it's waiting for a DNS reply.
182 * The synchronous lookup also delays other activty. (Of course we can solve
183 * this but it doesn't seem worthwhile quite yet.) */
185 lookup_hostname(const char *host_name, struct in_addr *addr)
189 if (inet_aton(host_name, addr)) {
193 h = gethostbyname(host_name);
195 *addr = *(struct in_addr *) h->h_addr;
199 return (h_errno == HOST_NOT_FOUND ? ENOENT
200 : h_errno == TRY_AGAIN ? EAGAIN
201 : h_errno == NO_RECOVERY ? EIO
202 : h_errno == NO_ADDRESS ? ENXIO
206 /* Returns the error condition associated with socket 'fd' and resets the
207 * socket's error status. */
209 get_socket_error(int fd)
213 if (getsockopt_int(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, "SO_ERROR", &error)) {
220 check_connection_completion(int fd)
226 pfd.events = POLLOUT;
228 retval = poll(&pfd, 1, 0);
229 } while (retval < 0 && errno == EINTR);
231 return get_socket_error(fd);
232 } else if (retval < 0) {
233 static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(5, 10);
234 VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "poll: %s", strerror(errno));
241 /* Drain all the data currently in the receive queue of a datagram socket (and
242 * possibly additional data). There is no way to know how many packets are in
243 * the receive queue, but we do know that the total number of bytes queued does
244 * not exceed the receive buffer size, so we pull packets until none are left
245 * or we've read that many bytes. */
251 rcvbuf = get_socket_rcvbuf(fd);
257 /* In Linux, specifying MSG_TRUNC in the flags argument causes the
258 * datagram length to be returned, even if that is longer than the
259 * buffer provided. Thus, we can use a 1-byte buffer to discard the
260 * incoming datagram and still be able to account how many bytes were
261 * removed from the receive buffer.
263 * On other Unix-like OSes, MSG_TRUNC has no effect in the flags
265 char buffer[LINUX ? 1 : 2048];
266 ssize_t n_bytes = recv(fd, buffer, sizeof buffer,
267 MSG_TRUNC | MSG_DONTWAIT);
268 if (n_bytes <= 0 || n_bytes >= rcvbuf) {
276 /* Returns the size of socket 'sock''s receive buffer (SO_RCVBUF), or a
277 * negative errno value if an error occurs. */
279 get_socket_rcvbuf(int sock)
284 error = getsockopt_int(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, "SO_RCVBUF", &rcvbuf);
285 return error ? -error : rcvbuf;
288 /* Reads and discards up to 'n' datagrams from 'fd', stopping as soon as no
289 * more data can be immediately read. ('fd' should therefore be in
290 * non-blocking mode.)*/
292 drain_fd(int fd, size_t n_packets)
294 for (; n_packets > 0; n_packets--) {
295 /* 'buffer' only needs to be 1 byte long in most circumstances. This
296 * size is defensive against the possibility that we someday want to
297 * use a Linux tap device without TUN_NO_PI, in which case a buffer
298 * smaller than sizeof(struct tun_pi) will give EINVAL on read. */
300 if (read(fd, buffer, sizeof buffer) <= 0) {
306 /* Stores in '*un' a sockaddr_un that refers to file 'name'. Stores in
307 * '*un_len' the size of the sockaddr_un. */
309 make_sockaddr_un__(const char *name, struct sockaddr_un *un, socklen_t *un_len)
311 un->sun_family = AF_UNIX;
312 ovs_strzcpy(un->sun_path, name, sizeof un->sun_path);
313 *un_len = (offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path)
314 + strlen (un->sun_path) + 1);
317 /* Stores in '*un' a sockaddr_un that refers to file 'name'. Stores in
318 * '*un_len' the size of the sockaddr_un.
320 * Returns 0 on success, otherwise a positive errno value. On success,
321 * '*dirfdp' is either -1 or a nonnegative file descriptor that the caller
322 * should close after using '*un' to bind or connect. On failure, '*dirfdp' is
325 make_sockaddr_un(const char *name, struct sockaddr_un *un, socklen_t *un_len,
328 enum { MAX_UN_LEN = sizeof un->sun_path - 1 };
331 if (strlen(name) > MAX_UN_LEN) {
332 static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 1);
335 /* 'name' is too long to fit in a sockaddr_un, but we have a
336 * workaround for that on Linux: shorten it by opening a file
337 * descriptor for the directory part of the name and indirecting
338 * through /proc/self/fd/<dirfd>/<basename>. */
343 dir = dir_name(name);
344 base = base_name(name);
346 dirfd = open(dir, O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY);
353 short_name = xasprintf("/proc/self/fd/%d/%s", dirfd, base);
357 if (strlen(short_name) <= MAX_UN_LEN) {
358 make_sockaddr_un__(short_name, un, un_len);
366 VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "Unix socket name %s is longer than maximum "
367 "%d bytes (even shortened)", name, MAX_UN_LEN);
369 /* 'name' is too long and we have no workaround. */
370 VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "Unix socket name %s is longer than maximum "
371 "%d bytes", name, MAX_UN_LEN);
376 make_sockaddr_un__(name, un, un_len);
381 /* Binds Unix domain socket 'fd' to a file with permissions 0700. */
383 bind_unix_socket(int fd, struct sockaddr *sun, socklen_t sun_len)
385 /* According to _Unix Network Programming_, umask should affect bind(). */
386 mode_t old_umask = umask(0077);
387 int error = bind(fd, sun, sun_len) ? errno : 0;
392 /* Creates a Unix domain socket in the given 'style' (either SOCK_DGRAM or
393 * SOCK_STREAM) that is bound to '*bind_path' (if 'bind_path' is non-null) and
394 * connected to '*connect_path' (if 'connect_path' is non-null). If 'nonblock'
395 * is true, the socket is made non-blocking.
397 * Returns the socket's fd if successful, otherwise a negative errno value. */
399 make_unix_socket(int style, bool nonblock,
400 const char *bind_path, const char *connect_path)
405 fd = socket(PF_UNIX, style, 0);
410 /* Set nonblocking mode right away, if we want it. This prevents blocking
411 * in connect(), if connect_path != NULL. (In turn, that's a corner case:
412 * it will only happen if style is SOCK_STREAM or SOCK_SEQPACKET, and only
413 * if a backlog of un-accepted connections has built up in the kernel.) */
415 int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
420 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) == -1) {
427 struct sockaddr_un un;
431 if (unlink(bind_path) && errno != ENOENT) {
432 VLOG_WARN("unlinking \"%s\": %s\n", bind_path, strerror(errno));
434 fatal_signal_add_file_to_unlink(bind_path);
436 error = make_sockaddr_un(bind_path, &un, &un_len, &dirfd);
438 error = bind_unix_socket(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &un, un_len);
449 struct sockaddr_un un;
453 error = make_sockaddr_un(connect_path, &un, &un_len, &dirfd);
455 && connect(fd, (struct sockaddr*) &un, un_len)
456 && errno != EINPROGRESS) {
470 if (error == EAGAIN) {
474 fatal_signal_unlink_file_now(bind_path);
481 get_unix_name_len(socklen_t sun_len)
483 return (sun_len >= offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path)
484 ? sun_len - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path)
489 guess_netmask(ovs_be32 ip_)
491 uint32_t ip = ntohl(ip_);
492 return ((ip >> 31) == 0 ? htonl(0xff000000) /* Class A */
493 : (ip >> 30) == 2 ? htonl(0xffff0000) /* Class B */
494 : (ip >> 29) == 6 ? htonl(0xffffff00) /* Class C */
495 : htonl(0)); /* ??? */
498 /* Parses 'target', which should be a string in the format "<host>[:<port>]".
499 * <host> is required. If 'default_port' is nonzero then <port> is optional
500 * and defaults to 'default_port'.
502 * On success, returns true and stores the parsed remote address into '*sinp'.
503 * On failure, logs an error, stores zeros into '*sinp', and returns false. */
505 inet_parse_active(const char *target_, uint16_t default_port,
506 struct sockaddr_in *sinp)
508 char *target = xstrdup(target_);
509 char *save_ptr = NULL;
510 const char *host_name;
511 const char *port_string;
515 sinp->sin_family = AF_INET;
516 sinp->sin_port = htons(default_port);
519 host_name = strtok_r(target, ":", &save_ptr);
520 port_string = strtok_r(NULL, ":", &save_ptr);
522 VLOG_ERR("%s: bad peer name format", target_);
526 /* Look up IP, port. */
527 if (lookup_ip(host_name, &sinp->sin_addr)) {
530 if (port_string && atoi(port_string)) {
531 sinp->sin_port = htons(atoi(port_string));
532 } else if (!default_port) {
533 VLOG_ERR("%s: port number must be specified", target_);
541 memset(sinp, 0, sizeof *sinp);
547 /* Opens a non-blocking IPv4 socket of the specified 'style' and connects to
548 * 'target', which should be a string in the format "<host>[:<port>]". <host>
549 * is required. If 'default_port' is nonzero then <port> is optional and
550 * defaults to 'default_port'.
552 * 'style' should be SOCK_STREAM (for TCP) or SOCK_DGRAM (for UDP).
554 * On success, returns 0 (indicating connection complete) or EAGAIN (indicating
555 * connection in progress), in which case the new file descriptor is stored
556 * into '*fdp'. On failure, returns a positive errno value other than EAGAIN
557 * and stores -1 into '*fdp'.
559 * If 'sinp' is non-null, then on success the target address is stored into
562 * 'dscp' becomes the DSCP bits in the IP headers for the new connection. It
563 * should be in the range [0, 63] and will automatically be shifted to the
564 * appropriately place in the IP tos field. */
566 inet_open_active(int style, const char *target, uint16_t default_port,
567 struct sockaddr_in *sinp, int *fdp, uint8_t dscp)
569 struct sockaddr_in sin;
574 if (!inet_parse_active(target, default_port, &sin)) {
575 error = EAFNOSUPPORT;
579 /* Create non-blocking socket. */
580 fd = socket(AF_INET, style, 0);
582 VLOG_ERR("%s: socket: %s", target, strerror(errno));
586 error = set_nonblocking(fd);
591 /* The dscp bits must be configured before connect() to ensure that the TOS
592 * field is set during the connection establishment. If set after
593 * connect(), the handshake SYN frames will be sent with a TOS of 0. */
594 error = set_dscp(fd, dscp);
596 VLOG_ERR("%s: socket: %s", target, strerror(error));
601 error = connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof sin) == 0 ? 0 : errno;
602 if (error == EINPROGRESS) {
607 if (!error || error == EAGAIN) {
611 } else if (fd >= 0) {
618 /* Parses 'target', which should be a string in the format "[<port>][:<ip>]":
620 * - If 'default_port' is -1, then <port> is required. Otherwise, if
621 * <port> is omitted, then 'default_port' is used instead.
623 * - If <port> (or 'default_port', if used) is 0, then no port is bound
624 * and the TCP/IP stack will select a port.
626 * - If <ip> is omitted then the IP address is wildcarded.
628 * If successful, stores the address into '*sinp' and returns true; otherwise
629 * zeros '*sinp' and returns false. */
631 inet_parse_passive(const char *target_, int default_port,
632 struct sockaddr_in *sinp)
634 char *target = xstrdup(target_);
635 char *string_ptr = target;
636 const char *host_name;
637 const char *port_string;
641 /* Address defaults. */
642 memset(sinp, 0, sizeof *sinp);
643 sinp->sin_family = AF_INET;
644 sinp->sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
645 sinp->sin_port = htons(default_port);
647 /* Parse optional port number. */
648 port_string = strsep(&string_ptr, ":");
649 if (port_string && str_to_int(port_string, 10, &port)) {
650 sinp->sin_port = htons(port);
651 } else if (default_port < 0) {
652 VLOG_ERR("%s: port number must be specified", target_);
656 /* Parse optional bind IP. */
657 host_name = strsep(&string_ptr, ":");
658 if (host_name && host_name[0] && lookup_ip(host_name, &sinp->sin_addr)) {
666 memset(sinp, 0, sizeof *sinp);
673 /* Opens a non-blocking IPv4 socket of the specified 'style', binds to
674 * 'target', and listens for incoming connections. Parses 'target' in the same
675 * way was inet_parse_passive().
677 * 'style' should be SOCK_STREAM (for TCP) or SOCK_DGRAM (for UDP).
679 * For TCP, the socket will have SO_REUSEADDR turned on.
681 * On success, returns a non-negative file descriptor. On failure, returns a
682 * negative errno value.
684 * If 'sinp' is non-null, then on success the bound address is stored into
687 * 'dscp' becomes the DSCP bits in the IP headers for the new connection. It
688 * should be in the range [0, 63] and will automatically be shifted to the
689 * appropriately place in the IP tos field. */
691 inet_open_passive(int style, const char *target, int default_port,
692 struct sockaddr_in *sinp, uint8_t dscp)
694 struct sockaddr_in sin;
696 unsigned int yes = 1;
698 if (!inet_parse_passive(target, default_port, &sin)) {
699 return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
702 /* Create non-blocking socket, set SO_REUSEADDR. */
703 fd = socket(AF_INET, style, 0);
706 VLOG_ERR("%s: socket: %s", target, strerror(error));
709 error = set_nonblocking(fd);
713 if (style == SOCK_STREAM
714 && setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof yes) < 0) {
716 VLOG_ERR("%s: setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR): %s", target, strerror(error));
721 if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof sin) < 0) {
723 VLOG_ERR("%s: bind: %s", target, strerror(error));
727 /* The dscp bits must be configured before connect() to ensure that the TOS
728 * field is set during the connection establishment. If set after
729 * connect(), the handshake SYN frames will be sent with a TOS of 0. */
730 error = set_dscp(fd, dscp);
732 VLOG_ERR("%s: socket: %s", target, strerror(error));
737 if (style == SOCK_STREAM && listen(fd, 10) < 0) {
739 VLOG_ERR("%s: listen: %s", target, strerror(error));
744 socklen_t sin_len = sizeof sin;
745 if (getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, &sin_len) < 0){
747 VLOG_ERR("%s: getsockname: %s", target, strerror(error));
750 if (sin.sin_family != AF_INET || sin_len != sizeof sin) {
751 error = EAFNOSUPPORT;
752 VLOG_ERR("%s: getsockname: invalid socket name", target);
765 /* Returns a readable and writable fd for /dev/null, if successful, otherwise
766 * a negative errno value. The caller must not close the returned fd (because
767 * the same fd will be handed out to subsequent callers). */
771 static int null_fd = -1;
773 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
776 VLOG_ERR("could not open /dev/null: %s", strerror(error));
784 read_fully(int fd, void *p_, size_t size, size_t *bytes_read)
790 ssize_t retval = read(fd, p, size);
792 *bytes_read += retval;
795 } else if (retval == 0) {
797 } else if (errno != EINTR) {
805 write_fully(int fd, const void *p_, size_t size, size_t *bytes_written)
807 const uint8_t *p = p_;
811 ssize_t retval = write(fd, p, size);
813 *bytes_written += retval;
816 } else if (retval == 0) {
817 VLOG_WARN("write returned 0");
819 } else if (errno != EINTR) {
826 /* Given file name 'file_name', fsyncs the directory in which it is contained.
827 * Returns 0 if successful, otherwise a positive errno value. */
829 fsync_parent_dir(const char *file_name)
835 dir = dir_name(file_name);
836 fd = open(dir, O_RDONLY);
839 if (errno == EINVAL || errno == EROFS) {
840 /* This directory does not support synchronization. Not
841 * really an error. */
844 VLOG_ERR("%s: fsync failed (%s)", dir, strerror(error));
850 VLOG_ERR("%s: open failed (%s)", dir, strerror(error));
857 /* Obtains the modification time of the file named 'file_name' to the greatest
858 * supported precision. If successful, stores the mtime in '*mtime' and
859 * returns 0. On error, returns a positive errno value and stores zeros in
862 get_mtime(const char *file_name, struct timespec *mtime)
866 if (!stat(file_name, &s)) {
867 mtime->tv_sec = s.st_mtime;
869 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIM_TV_NSEC
870 mtime->tv_nsec = s.st_mtim.tv_nsec;
871 #elif HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
872 mtime->tv_nsec = s.st_mtimensec;
879 mtime->tv_sec = mtime->tv_nsec = 0;
888 VLOG_FATAL("failed to create pipe (%s)", strerror(errno));
893 getsockopt_int(int fd, int level, int option, const char *optname, int *valuep)
895 static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(5, 10);
901 if (getsockopt(fd, level, option, &value, &len)) {
903 VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "getsockopt(%s): %s", optname, strerror(error));
904 } else if (len != sizeof value) {
906 VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "getsockopt(%s): value is %u bytes (expected %zu)",
907 optname, (unsigned int) len, sizeof value);
912 *valuep = error ? 0 : value;
917 describe_sockaddr(struct ds *string, int fd,
918 int (*getaddr)(int, struct sockaddr *, socklen_t *))
920 struct sockaddr_storage ss;
921 socklen_t len = sizeof ss;
923 if (!getaddr(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &ss, &len)) {
924 if (ss.ss_family == AF_INET) {
925 struct sockaddr_in sin;
927 memcpy(&sin, &ss, sizeof sin);
928 ds_put_format(string, IP_FMT":%"PRIu16,
929 IP_ARGS(&sin.sin_addr.s_addr), ntohs(sin.sin_port));
930 } else if (ss.ss_family == AF_UNIX) {
931 struct sockaddr_un sun;
935 memcpy(&sun, &ss, sizeof sun);
936 maxlen = len - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);
937 null = memchr(sun.sun_path, '\0', maxlen);
938 ds_put_buffer(string, sun.sun_path,
939 null ? null - sun.sun_path : maxlen);
942 else if (ss.ss_family == AF_NETLINK) {
945 /* SO_PROTOCOL was introduced in 2.6.32. Support it regardless of the version
946 * of the Linux kernel headers in use at build time. */
948 #define SO_PROTOCOL 38
951 if (!getsockopt_int(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PROTOCOL, "SO_PROTOCOL",
955 ds_put_cstr(string, "NETLINK_ROUTE");
958 case NETLINK_GENERIC:
959 ds_put_cstr(string, "NETLINK_GENERIC");
963 ds_put_format(string, "AF_NETLINK family %d", protocol);
967 ds_put_cstr(string, "AF_NETLINK");
971 #if AF_PACKET && __linux__
972 else if (ss.ss_family == AF_PACKET) {
973 struct sockaddr_ll sll;
975 memcpy(&sll, &ss, sizeof sll);
976 ds_put_cstr(string, "AF_PACKET");
977 if (sll.sll_ifindex) {
980 if (if_indextoname(sll.sll_ifindex, name)) {
981 ds_put_format(string, "(%s)", name);
983 ds_put_format(string, "(ifindex=%d)", sll.sll_ifindex);
986 if (sll.sll_protocol) {
987 ds_put_format(string, "(protocol=0x%"PRIu16")",
988 ntohs(sll.sll_protocol));
992 else if (ss.ss_family == AF_UNSPEC) {
993 ds_put_cstr(string, "AF_UNSPEC");
995 ds_put_format(string, "AF_%d", (int) ss.ss_family);
1003 put_fd_filename(struct ds *string, int fd)
1009 linkname = xasprintf("/proc/self/fd/%d", fd);
1010 n = readlink(linkname, buf, sizeof buf);
1012 ds_put_char(string, ' ');
1013 ds_put_buffer(string, buf, n);
1014 if (n > sizeof buf) {
1015 ds_put_cstr(string, "...");
1022 /* Returns a malloc()'d string describing 'fd', for use in logging. */
1030 if (fstat(fd, &s)) {
1031 ds_put_format(&string, "fstat failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
1032 } else if (S_ISSOCK(s.st_mode)) {
1033 describe_sockaddr(&string, fd, getsockname);
1034 ds_put_cstr(&string, "<->");
1035 describe_sockaddr(&string, fd, getpeername);
1037 ds_put_cstr(&string, (isatty(fd) ? "tty"
1038 : S_ISDIR(s.st_mode) ? "directory"
1039 : S_ISCHR(s.st_mode) ? "character device"
1040 : S_ISBLK(s.st_mode) ? "block device"
1041 : S_ISREG(s.st_mode) ? "file"
1042 : S_ISFIFO(s.st_mode) ? "FIFO"
1043 : S_ISLNK(s.st_mode) ? "symbolic link"
1046 put_fd_filename(&string, fd);
1049 return ds_steal_cstr(&string);