1 /* Copyright (c) 2008 The Board of Trustees of The Leland Stanford
4 * We are making the OpenFlow specification and associated documentation
5 * (Software) available for public use and benefit with the expectation
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14 * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
15 * the following conditions:
17 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
18 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
20 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
21 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
22 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
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24 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
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45 #include "netlink-protocol.h"
46 #include "dynamic-string.h"
51 #define THIS_MODULE VLM_netlink
53 /* Linux header file confusion causes this to be undefined. */
55 #define SOL_NETLINK 270
58 static void log_nlmsg(const char *function, int error,
59 const void *message, size_t size);
61 /* Netlink sockets. */
69 /* Next nlmsghdr sequence number.
71 * This implementation uses sequence numbers that are unique process-wide, to
72 * avoid a hypothetical race: send request, close socket, open new socket that
73 * reuses the old socket's PID value, send request on new socket, receive reply
74 * from kernel to old socket but with same PID and sequence number. (This race
75 * could be avoided other ways, e.g. by preventing PIDs from being quickly
77 static uint32_t next_seq;
79 static int alloc_pid(uint32_t *);
80 static void free_pid(uint32_t);
82 /* Creates a new netlink socket for the given netlink 'protocol'
83 * (NETLINK_ROUTE, NETLINK_GENERIC, ...). Returns 0 and sets '*sockp' to the
84 * new socket if successful, otherwise returns a positive errno value.
86 * If 'multicast_group' is nonzero, the new socket subscribes to the specified
87 * netlink multicast group. (A netlink socket may listen to an arbitrary
88 * number of multicast groups, but so far we only need one at a time.)
90 * Nonzero 'so_sndbuf' or 'so_rcvbuf' override the kernel default send or
91 * receive buffer size, respectively.
94 nl_sock_create(int protocol, int multicast_group,
95 size_t so_sndbuf, size_t so_rcvbuf, struct nl_sock **sockp)
98 struct sockaddr_nl local, remote;
102 /* Pick initial sequence number. */
103 next_seq = getpid() ^ time_now();
107 sock = malloc(sizeof *sock);
112 sock->fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, protocol);
114 VLOG_ERR("fcntl: %s", strerror(errno));
118 retval = alloc_pid(&sock->pid);
124 && setsockopt(sock->fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF,
125 &so_sndbuf, sizeof so_sndbuf) < 0) {
126 VLOG_ERR("setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF,%zu): %s", so_sndbuf, strerror(errno));
131 && setsockopt(sock->fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
132 &so_rcvbuf, sizeof so_rcvbuf) < 0) {
133 VLOG_ERR("setsockopt(SO_RCVBUF,%zu): %s", so_rcvbuf, strerror(errno));
137 /* Bind local address as our selected pid. */
138 memset(&local, 0, sizeof local);
139 local.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
140 local.nl_pid = sock->pid;
141 if (multicast_group > 0 && multicast_group <= 32) {
142 /* This method of joining multicast groups is supported by old kernels,
143 * but it only allows 32 multicast groups per protocol. */
144 local.nl_groups |= 1ul << (multicast_group - 1);
146 if (bind(sock->fd, (struct sockaddr *) &local, sizeof local) < 0) {
147 VLOG_ERR("bind(%"PRIu32"): %s", sock->pid, strerror(errno));
151 /* Bind remote address as the kernel (pid 0). */
152 memset(&remote, 0, sizeof remote);
153 remote.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
155 if (connect(sock->fd, (struct sockaddr *) &remote, sizeof remote) < 0) {
156 VLOG_ERR("connect(0): %s", strerror(errno));
160 /* Older kernel headers failed to define this macro. We want our programs
161 * to support the newer kernel features even if compiled with older
162 * headers, so define it ourselves in such a case. */
163 #ifndef NETLINK_ADD_MEMBERSHIP
164 #define NETLINK_ADD_MEMBERSHIP 1
167 /* This method of joining multicast groups is only supported by newish
168 * kernels, but it allows for an arbitrary number of multicast groups. */
169 if (multicast_group > 32
170 && setsockopt(sock->fd, SOL_NETLINK, NETLINK_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
171 &multicast_group, sizeof multicast_group) < 0) {
172 VLOG_ERR("setsockopt(NETLINK_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,%d): %s",
173 multicast_group, strerror(errno));
196 /* Destroys netlink socket 'sock'. */
198 nl_sock_destroy(struct nl_sock *sock)
207 /* Tries to send 'msg', which must contain a Netlink message, to the kernel on
208 * 'sock'. nlmsg_len in 'msg' will be finalized to match msg->size before the
211 * Returns 0 if successful, otherwise a positive errno value. If
212 * 'wait' is true, then the send will wait until buffer space is ready;
213 * otherwise, returns EAGAIN if the 'sock' send buffer is full. */
215 nl_sock_send(struct nl_sock *sock, const struct buffer *msg, bool wait)
219 nl_msg_nlmsghdr(msg)->nlmsg_len = msg->size;
222 retval = send(sock->fd, msg->data, msg->size, wait ? 0 : MSG_DONTWAIT);
223 error = retval < 0 ? errno : 0;
224 } while (error == EINTR);
225 log_nlmsg(__func__, error, msg->data, msg->size);
229 /* Tries to send the 'n_iov' chunks of data in 'iov' to the kernel on 'sock' as
230 * a single Netlink message. (The message must be fully formed and not require
231 * finalization of its nlmsg_len field.)
233 * Returns 0 if successful, otherwise a positive errno value. If 'wait' is
234 * true, then the send will wait until buffer space is ready; otherwise,
235 * returns EAGAIN if the 'sock' send buffer is full. */
237 nl_sock_sendv(struct nl_sock *sock, const struct iovec iov[], size_t n_iov,
243 memset(&msg, 0, sizeof msg);
244 msg.msg_iov = (struct iovec *) iov;
245 msg.msg_iovlen = n_iov;
248 retval = sendmsg(sock->fd, &msg, wait ? 0 : MSG_DONTWAIT);
249 error = retval < 0 ? errno : 0;
250 } while (error == EINTR);
251 if (error != EAGAIN) {
252 log_nlmsg(__func__, error, iov[0].iov_base, iov[0].iov_len);
257 /* Tries to receive a netlink message from the kernel on 'sock'. If
258 * successful, stores the received message into '*bufp' and returns 0. The
259 * caller is responsible for destroying the message with buffer_delete(). On
260 * failure, returns a positive errno value and stores a null pointer into
263 * If 'wait' is true, nl_sock_recv waits for a message to be ready; otherwise,
264 * returns EAGAIN if the 'sock' receive buffer is empty. */
266 nl_sock_recv(struct nl_sock *sock, struct buffer **bufp, bool wait)
269 ssize_t bufsize = 2048;
270 ssize_t nbytes, nbytes2;
272 struct nlmsghdr *nlmsghdr;
274 struct msghdr msg = {
284 buf = buffer_new(bufsize);
288 /* Attempt to read the message. We don't know the size of the data
289 * yet, so we take a guess at 2048. If we're wrong, we keep trying
290 * and doubling the buffer size each time.
292 nlmsghdr = buffer_put_uninit(buf, bufsize);
293 iov.iov_base = nlmsghdr;
294 iov.iov_len = bufsize;
296 nbytes = recvmsg(sock->fd, &msg, (wait ? 0 : MSG_DONTWAIT) | MSG_PEEK);
297 } while (nbytes < 0 && errno == EINTR);
302 if (msg.msg_flags & MSG_TRUNC) {
304 buffer_reinit(buf, bufsize);
309 /* We successfully read the message, so recv again to clear the queue */
313 nbytes2 = recvmsg(sock->fd, &msg, MSG_DONTWAIT);
314 } while (nbytes2 < 0 && errno == EINTR);
316 if (errno == ENOBUFS) {
317 /* The kernel is notifying us that a message it tried to send to us
318 * was dropped. We have to pass this along to the caller in case
319 * it wants to retry a request. So kill the buffer, which we can
320 * re-read next time. */
324 VLOG_ERR("failed to remove nlmsg from socket: %s\n",
328 if (nbytes < sizeof *nlmsghdr
329 || nlmsghdr->nlmsg_len < sizeof *nlmsghdr
330 || nlmsghdr->nlmsg_len > nbytes) {
331 VLOG_ERR("received invalid nlmsg (%zd bytes < %d)",
332 bufsize, NLMSG_HDRLEN);
337 log_nlmsg(__func__, 0, buf->data, buf->size);
341 /* Sends 'request' to the kernel via 'sock' and waits for a response. If
342 * successful, stores the reply into '*replyp' and returns 0. The caller is
343 * responsible for destroying the reply with buffer_delete(). On failure,
344 * returns a positive errno value and stores a null pointer into '*replyp'.
346 * Bare Netlink is an unreliable transport protocol. This function layers
347 * reliable delivery and reply semantics on top of bare Netlink.
349 * In Netlink, sending a request to the kernel is reliable enough, because the
350 * kernel will tell us if the message cannot be queued (and we will in that
351 * case put it on the transmit queue and wait until it can be delivered).
353 * Receiving the reply is the real problem: if the socket buffer is full when
354 * the kernel tries to send the reply, the reply will be dropped. However, the
355 * kernel sets a flag that a reply has been dropped. The next call to recv
356 * then returns ENOBUFS. We can then re-send the request.
360 * 1. Netlink depends on sequence numbers to match up requests and
361 * replies. The sender of a request supplies a sequence number, and
362 * the reply echos back that sequence number.
364 * This is fine, but (1) some kernel netlink implementations are
365 * broken, in that they fail to echo sequence numbers and (2) this
366 * function will drop packets with non-matching sequence numbers, so
367 * that only a single request can be usefully transacted at a time.
369 * 2. Resending the request causes it to be re-executed, so the request
370 * needs to be idempotent.
373 nl_sock_transact(struct nl_sock *sock,
374 const struct buffer *request, struct buffer **replyp)
376 uint32_t seq = nl_msg_nlmsghdr(request)->nlmsg_seq;
377 struct nlmsghdr *nlmsghdr;
378 struct buffer *reply;
383 /* Ensure that we get a reply even if this message doesn't ordinarily call
385 nl_msg_nlmsghdr(request)->nlmsg_flags |= NLM_F_ACK;
388 retval = nl_sock_send(sock, request, true);
394 retval = nl_sock_recv(sock, &reply, true);
396 if (retval == ENOBUFS) {
397 VLOG_DBG("receive buffer overflow, resending request");
403 nlmsghdr = nl_msg_nlmsghdr(reply);
404 if (seq != nlmsghdr->nlmsg_seq) {
405 VLOG_DBG("ignoring seq %"PRIu32" != expected %"PRIu32,
406 nl_msg_nlmsghdr(reply)->nlmsg_seq, seq);
407 buffer_delete(reply);
410 if (nl_msg_nlmsgerr(reply, &retval)) {
412 VLOG_DBG("received NAK error=%d (%s)", retval, strerror(retval));
414 return retval != EAGAIN ? retval : EPROTO;
421 /* Returns 'sock''s underlying file descriptor. */
423 nl_sock_fd(const struct nl_sock *sock)
428 /* Netlink messages. */
430 /* Returns the nlmsghdr at the head of 'msg'.
432 * 'msg' must be at least as large as a nlmsghdr. */
434 nl_msg_nlmsghdr(const struct buffer *msg)
436 return buffer_at_assert(msg, 0, NLMSG_HDRLEN);
439 /* Returns the genlmsghdr just past 'msg''s nlmsghdr.
441 * Returns a null pointer if 'msg' is not large enough to contain an nlmsghdr
442 * and a genlmsghdr. */
444 nl_msg_genlmsghdr(const struct buffer *msg)
446 return buffer_at(msg, NLMSG_HDRLEN, GENL_HDRLEN);
449 /* If 'buffer' is a NLMSG_ERROR message, stores 0 in '*errorp' if it is an ACK
450 * message, otherwise a positive errno value, and returns true. If 'buffer' is
451 * not an NLMSG_ERROR message, returns false.
453 * 'msg' must be at least as large as a nlmsghdr. */
455 nl_msg_nlmsgerr(const struct buffer *msg, int *errorp)
457 if (nl_msg_nlmsghdr(msg)->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR) {
458 struct nlmsgerr *err = buffer_at(msg, NLMSG_HDRLEN, sizeof *err);
461 VLOG_ERR("received invalid nlmsgerr (%zd bytes < %zd)",
462 msg->size, NLMSG_HDRLEN + sizeof *err);
463 } else if (err->error <= 0 && err->error > INT_MIN) {
475 /* Ensures that 'b' has room for at least 'size' bytes plus netlink padding at
476 * its tail end, reallocating and copying its data if necessary. */
478 nl_msg_reserve(struct buffer *msg, size_t size)
480 buffer_prealloc_tailroom(msg, NLMSG_ALIGN(size));
483 /* Puts a nlmsghdr at the beginning of 'msg', which must be initially empty.
484 * Uses the given 'type' and 'flags'. 'sock' is used to obtain a PID and
485 * sequence number for proper routing of replies. 'expected_payload' should be
486 * an estimate of the number of payload bytes to be supplied; if the size of
487 * the payload is unknown a value of 0 is acceptable.
489 * 'type' is ordinarily an enumerated value specific to the Netlink protocol
490 * (e.g. RTM_NEWLINK, for NETLINK_ROUTE protocol). For Generic Netlink, 'type'
491 * is the family number obtained via nl_lookup_genl_family().
493 * 'flags' is a bit-mask that indicates what kind of request is being made. It
494 * is often NLM_F_REQUEST indicating that a request is being made, commonly
495 * or'd with NLM_F_ACK to request an acknowledgement.
497 * nl_msg_put_genlmsghdr is more convenient for composing a Generic Netlink
500 nl_msg_put_nlmsghdr(struct buffer *msg, struct nl_sock *sock,
501 size_t expected_payload, uint32_t type, uint32_t flags)
503 struct nlmsghdr *nlmsghdr;
505 assert(msg->size == 0);
507 nl_msg_reserve(msg, NLMSG_HDRLEN + expected_payload);
508 nlmsghdr = nl_msg_put_uninit(msg, NLMSG_HDRLEN);
509 nlmsghdr->nlmsg_len = 0;
510 nlmsghdr->nlmsg_type = type;
511 nlmsghdr->nlmsg_flags = flags;
512 nlmsghdr->nlmsg_seq = ++next_seq;
513 nlmsghdr->nlmsg_pid = sock->pid;
516 /* Puts a nlmsghdr and genlmsghdr at the beginning of 'msg', which must be
517 * initially empty. 'sock' is used to obtain a PID and sequence number for
518 * proper routing of replies. 'expected_payload' should be an estimate of the
519 * number of payload bytes to be supplied; if the size of the payload is
520 * unknown a value of 0 is acceptable.
522 * 'family' is the family number obtained via nl_lookup_genl_family().
524 * 'flags' is a bit-mask that indicates what kind of request is being made. It
525 * is often NLM_F_REQUEST indicating that a request is being made, commonly
526 * or'd with NLM_F_ACK to request an acknowledgement.
528 * 'cmd' is an enumerated value specific to the Generic Netlink family
529 * (e.g. CTRL_CMD_NEWFAMILY for the GENL_ID_CTRL family).
531 * 'version' is a version number specific to the family and command (often 1).
533 * nl_msg_put_nlmsghdr should be used to compose Netlink messages that are not
534 * Generic Netlink messages. */
536 nl_msg_put_genlmsghdr(struct buffer *msg, struct nl_sock *sock,
537 size_t expected_payload, int family, uint32_t flags,
538 uint8_t cmd, uint8_t version)
540 struct genlmsghdr *genlmsghdr;
542 nl_msg_put_nlmsghdr(msg, sock, GENL_HDRLEN + expected_payload,
544 assert(msg->size == NLMSG_HDRLEN);
545 genlmsghdr = nl_msg_put_uninit(msg, GENL_HDRLEN);
546 genlmsghdr->cmd = cmd;
547 genlmsghdr->version = version;
548 genlmsghdr->reserved = 0;
551 /* Appends the 'size' bytes of data in 'p', plus Netlink padding if needed, to
552 * the tail end of 'msg'. Data in 'msg' is reallocated and copied if
555 nl_msg_put(struct buffer *msg, const void *data, size_t size)
557 memcpy(nl_msg_put_uninit(msg, size), data, size);
560 /* Appends 'size' bytes of data, plus Netlink padding if needed, to the tail
561 * end of 'msg', reallocating and copying its data if necessary. Returns a
562 * pointer to the first byte of the new data, which is left uninitialized. */
564 nl_msg_put_uninit(struct buffer *msg, size_t size)
566 size_t pad = NLMSG_ALIGN(size) - size;
567 char *p = buffer_put_uninit(msg, size + pad);
569 memset(p + size, 0, pad);
574 /* Appends a Netlink attribute of the given 'type' and room for 'size' bytes of
575 * data as its payload, plus Netlink padding if needed, to the tail end of
576 * 'msg', reallocating and copying its data if necessary. Returns a pointer to
577 * the first byte of data in the attribute, which is left uninitialized. */
579 nl_msg_put_unspec_uninit(struct buffer *msg, uint16_t type, size_t size)
581 size_t total_size = NLA_HDRLEN + size;
582 struct nlattr* nla = nl_msg_put_uninit(msg, total_size);
583 assert(NLA_ALIGN(total_size) <= UINT16_MAX);
584 nla->nla_len = total_size;
585 nla->nla_type = type;
589 /* Appends a Netlink attribute of the given 'type' and the 'size' bytes of
590 * 'data' as its payload, to the tail end of 'msg', reallocating and copying
591 * its data if necessary. Returns a pointer to the first byte of data in the
592 * attribute, which is left uninitialized. */
594 nl_msg_put_unspec(struct buffer *msg, uint16_t type,
595 const void *data, size_t size)
597 memcpy(nl_msg_put_unspec_uninit(msg, type, size), data, size);
600 /* Appends a Netlink attribute of the given 'type' and no payload to 'msg'.
601 * (Some Netlink protocols use the presence or absence of an attribute as a
604 nl_msg_put_flag(struct buffer *msg, uint16_t type)
606 nl_msg_put_unspec(msg, type, NULL, 0);
609 /* Appends a Netlink attribute of the given 'type' and the given 8-bit 'value'
612 nl_msg_put_u8(struct buffer *msg, uint16_t type, uint8_t value)
614 nl_msg_put_unspec(msg, type, &value, sizeof value);
617 /* Appends a Netlink attribute of the given 'type' and the given 16-bit 'value'
620 nl_msg_put_u16(struct buffer *msg, uint16_t type, uint16_t value)
622 nl_msg_put_unspec(msg, type, &value, sizeof value);
625 /* Appends a Netlink attribute of the given 'type' and the given 32-bit 'value'
628 nl_msg_put_u32(struct buffer *msg, uint16_t type, uint32_t value)
630 nl_msg_put_unspec(msg, type, &value, sizeof value);
633 /* Appends a Netlink attribute of the given 'type' and the given 64-bit 'value'
636 nl_msg_put_u64(struct buffer *msg, uint16_t type, uint64_t value)
638 nl_msg_put_unspec(msg, type, &value, sizeof value);
641 /* Appends a Netlink attribute of the given 'type' and the given
642 * null-terminated string 'value' to 'msg'. */
644 nl_msg_put_string(struct buffer *msg, uint16_t type, const char *value)
646 nl_msg_put_unspec(msg, type, value, strlen(value) + 1);
649 /* Appends a Netlink attribute of the given 'type' and the given buffered
650 * netlink message in 'nested_msg' to 'msg'. The nlmsg_len field in
651 * 'nested_msg' is finalized to match 'nested_msg->size'. */
653 nl_msg_put_nested(struct buffer *msg,
654 uint16_t type, struct buffer *nested_msg)
656 nl_msg_nlmsghdr(nested_msg)->nlmsg_len = nested_msg->size;
657 nl_msg_put_unspec(msg, type, nested_msg->data, nested_msg->size);
660 /* Returns the first byte in the payload of attribute 'nla'. */
662 nl_attr_get(const struct nlattr *nla)
664 assert(nla->nla_len >= NLA_HDRLEN);
668 /* Returns the number of bytes in the payload of attribute 'nla'. */
670 nl_attr_get_size(const struct nlattr *nla)
672 assert(nla->nla_len >= NLA_HDRLEN);
673 return nla->nla_len - NLA_HDRLEN;
676 /* Asserts that 'nla''s payload is at least 'size' bytes long, and returns the
677 * first byte of the payload. */
679 nl_attr_get_unspec(const struct nlattr *nla, size_t size)
681 assert(nla->nla_len >= NLA_HDRLEN + size);
685 /* Returns true if 'nla' is nonnull. (Some Netlink protocols use the presence
686 * or absence of an attribute as a Boolean flag.) */
688 nl_attr_get_flag(const struct nlattr *nla)
693 #define NL_ATTR_GET_AS(NLA, TYPE) \
694 (*(TYPE*) nl_attr_get_unspec(nla, sizeof(TYPE)))
696 /* Returns the 8-bit value in 'nla''s payload.
698 * Asserts that 'nla''s payload is at least 1 byte long. */
700 nl_attr_get_u8(const struct nlattr *nla)
702 return NL_ATTR_GET_AS(nla, uint8_t);
705 /* Returns the 16-bit value in 'nla''s payload.
707 * Asserts that 'nla''s payload is at least 2 bytes long. */
709 nl_attr_get_u16(const struct nlattr *nla)
711 return NL_ATTR_GET_AS(nla, uint16_t);
714 /* Returns the 32-bit value in 'nla''s payload.
716 * Asserts that 'nla''s payload is at least 4 bytes long. */
718 nl_attr_get_u32(const struct nlattr *nla)
720 return NL_ATTR_GET_AS(nla, uint32_t);
723 /* Returns the 64-bit value in 'nla''s payload.
725 * Asserts that 'nla''s payload is at least 8 bytes long. */
727 nl_attr_get_u64(const struct nlattr *nla)
729 return NL_ATTR_GET_AS(nla, uint64_t);
732 /* Returns the null-terminated string value in 'nla''s payload.
734 * Asserts that 'nla''s payload contains a null-terminated string. */
736 nl_attr_get_string(const struct nlattr *nla)
738 assert(nla->nla_len > NLA_HDRLEN);
739 assert(memchr(nl_attr_get(nla), '\0', nla->nla_len - NLA_HDRLEN) != NULL);
740 return nl_attr_get(nla);
743 /* Default minimum and maximum payload sizes for each type of attribute. */
744 static const size_t attr_len_range[][2] = {
745 [0 ... N_NL_ATTR_TYPES - 1] = { 0, SIZE_MAX },
746 [NL_A_U8] = { 1, 1 },
747 [NL_A_U16] = { 2, 2 },
748 [NL_A_U32] = { 4, 4 },
749 [NL_A_U64] = { 8, 8 },
750 [NL_A_STRING] = { 1, SIZE_MAX },
751 [NL_A_FLAG] = { 0, SIZE_MAX },
752 [NL_A_NESTED] = { NLMSG_HDRLEN, SIZE_MAX },
755 /* Parses the Generic Netlink payload of 'msg' as a sequence of Netlink
756 * attributes. 'policy[i]', for 0 <= i < n_attrs, specifies how the attribute
757 * with nla_type == i is parsed; a pointer to attribute i is stored in
758 * attrs[i]. Returns true if successful, false on failure. */
760 nl_policy_parse(const struct buffer *msg, const struct nl_policy policy[],
761 struct nlattr *attrs[], size_t n_attrs)
768 for (i = 0; i < n_attrs; i++) {
771 assert(policy[i].type < N_NL_ATTR_TYPES);
772 if (policy[i].type != NL_A_NO_ATTR
773 && policy[i].type != NL_A_FLAG
774 && !policy[i].optional) {
779 p = buffer_at(msg, NLMSG_HDRLEN + GENL_HDRLEN, 0);
781 VLOG_DBG("missing headers in nl_policy_parse");
784 tail = buffer_tail(msg);
787 size_t offset = p - msg->data;
788 struct nlattr *nla = p;
789 size_t len, aligned_len;
792 /* Make sure its claimed length is plausible. */
793 if (nla->nla_len < NLA_HDRLEN) {
794 VLOG_DBG("%zu: attr shorter than NLA_HDRLEN (%"PRIu16")",
795 offset, nla->nla_len);
798 len = nla->nla_len - NLA_HDRLEN;
799 aligned_len = NLA_ALIGN(len);
800 if (aligned_len > tail - p) {
801 VLOG_DBG("%zu: attr %"PRIu16" aligned data len (%zu) "
802 "> bytes left (%tu)",
803 offset, nla->nla_type, aligned_len, tail - p);
807 type = nla->nla_type;
808 if (type < n_attrs && policy[type].type != NL_A_NO_ATTR) {
809 const struct nl_policy *p = &policy[type];
810 size_t min_len, max_len;
812 /* Validate length and content. */
813 min_len = p->min_len ? p->min_len : attr_len_range[p->type][0];
814 max_len = p->max_len ? p->max_len : attr_len_range[p->type][1];
815 if (len < min_len || len > max_len) {
816 VLOG_DBG("%zu: attr %"PRIu16" length %zu not in allowed range "
817 "%zu...%zu", offset, type, len, min_len, max_len);
820 if (p->type == NL_A_STRING) {
821 if (((char *) nla)[nla->nla_len - 1]) {
822 VLOG_DBG("%zu: attr %"PRIu16" lacks null terminator",
826 if (memchr(nla + 1, '\0', len - 1) != NULL) {
827 VLOG_DBG("%zu: attr %"PRIu16" lies about string length",
832 if (!p->optional && attrs[type] == NULL) {
833 assert(n_required > 0);
838 /* Skip attribute type that we don't care about. */
840 p += NLA_ALIGN(nla->nla_len);
843 VLOG_DBG("%zu required attrs missing", n_required);
851 static const struct nl_policy family_policy[CTRL_ATTR_MAX + 1] = {
852 [CTRL_ATTR_FAMILY_ID] = {.type = NL_A_U16},
855 static int do_lookup_genl_family(const char *name)
857 struct nl_sock *sock;
858 struct buffer request, *reply;
859 struct nlattr *attrs[ARRAY_SIZE(family_policy)];
862 retval = nl_sock_create(NETLINK_GENERIC, 0, 0, 0, &sock);
867 buffer_init(&request, 0);
868 nl_msg_put_genlmsghdr(&request, sock, 0, GENL_ID_CTRL, NLM_F_REQUEST,
869 CTRL_CMD_GETFAMILY, 1);
870 nl_msg_put_string(&request, CTRL_ATTR_FAMILY_NAME, name);
871 retval = nl_sock_transact(sock, &request, &reply);
872 buffer_uninit(&request);
874 nl_sock_destroy(sock);
878 if (!nl_policy_parse(reply, family_policy, attrs,
879 ARRAY_SIZE(family_policy))) {
880 nl_sock_destroy(sock);
881 buffer_delete(reply);
885 retval = nl_attr_get_u16(attrs[CTRL_ATTR_FAMILY_ID]);
889 nl_sock_destroy(sock);
890 buffer_delete(reply);
894 /* If '*number' is 0, translates the given Generic Netlink family 'name' to a
895 * number and stores it in '*number'. If successful, returns 0 and the caller
896 * may use '*number' as the family number. On failure, returns a positive
897 * errno value and '*number' caches the errno value. */
899 nl_lookup_genl_family(const char *name, int *number)
902 *number = do_lookup_genl_family(name);
903 assert(*number != 0);
905 return *number > 0 ? 0 : -*number;
910 * Every Netlink socket must be bound to a unique 32-bit PID. By convention,
911 * programs that have a single Netlink socket use their Unix process ID as PID,
912 * and programs with multiple Netlink sockets add a unique per-socket
913 * identifier in the bits above the Unix process ID.
915 * The kernel has Netlink PID 0.
918 /* Parameters for how many bits in the PID should come from the Unix process ID
919 * and how many unique per-socket. */
920 #define SOCKET_BITS 10
921 #define MAX_SOCKETS (1u << SOCKET_BITS)
923 #define PROCESS_BITS (32 - SOCKET_BITS)
924 #define MAX_PROCESSES (1u << PROCESS_BITS)
925 #define PROCESS_MASK ((uint32_t) (MAX_PROCESSES - 1))
927 /* Bit vector of unused socket identifiers. */
928 static uint32_t avail_sockets[ROUND_UP(MAX_SOCKETS, 32)];
930 /* Allocates and returns a new Netlink PID. */
932 alloc_pid(uint32_t *pid)
936 for (i = 0; i < MAX_SOCKETS; i++) {
937 if ((avail_sockets[i / 32] & (1u << (i % 32))) == 0) {
938 avail_sockets[i / 32] |= 1u << (i % 32);
939 *pid = (getpid() & PROCESS_MASK) | (i << PROCESS_BITS);
943 VLOG_ERR("netlink pid space exhausted");
947 /* Makes the specified 'pid' available for reuse. */
949 free_pid(uint32_t pid)
951 int sock = pid >> PROCESS_BITS;
952 assert(avail_sockets[sock / 32] & (1u << (sock % 32)));
953 avail_sockets[sock / 32] &= ~(1u << (sock % 32));
957 nlmsghdr_to_string(const struct nlmsghdr *h, struct ds *ds)
963 static const struct nlmsg_flag flags[] = {
964 { NLM_F_REQUEST, "REQUEST" },
965 { NLM_F_MULTI, "MULTI" },
966 { NLM_F_ACK, "ACK" },
967 { NLM_F_ECHO, "ECHO" },
968 { NLM_F_DUMP, "DUMP" },
969 { NLM_F_ROOT, "ROOT" },
970 { NLM_F_MATCH, "MATCH" },
971 { NLM_F_ATOMIC, "ATOMIC" },
973 const struct nlmsg_flag *flag;
976 ds_put_format(ds, "nl(len:%"PRIu32", type=%"PRIu16,
977 h->nlmsg_len, h->nlmsg_type);
978 if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_NOOP) {
979 ds_put_cstr(ds, "(no-op)");
980 } else if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR) {
981 ds_put_cstr(ds, "(error)");
982 } else if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE) {
983 ds_put_cstr(ds, "(done)");
984 } else if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_OVERRUN) {
985 ds_put_cstr(ds, "(overrun)");
986 } else if (h->nlmsg_type < NLMSG_MIN_TYPE) {
987 ds_put_cstr(ds, "(reserved)");
989 ds_put_cstr(ds, "(family-defined)");
991 ds_put_format(ds, ", flags=%"PRIx16, h->nlmsg_flags);
992 flags_left = h->nlmsg_flags;
993 for (flag = flags; flag < &flags[ARRAY_SIZE(flags)]; flag++) {
994 if ((flags_left & flag->bits) == flag->bits) {
995 ds_put_format(ds, "[%s]", flag->name);
996 flags_left &= ~flag->bits;
1000 ds_put_format(ds, "[OTHER:%"PRIx16"]", flags_left);
1002 ds_put_format(ds, ", seq=%"PRIx32", pid=%"PRIu32"(%d:%d))",
1003 h->nlmsg_seq, h->nlmsg_pid,
1004 (int) (h->nlmsg_pid & PROCESS_MASK),
1005 (int) (h->nlmsg_pid >> PROCESS_BITS));
1009 nlmsg_to_string(const struct buffer *buffer)
1011 struct ds ds = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
1012 const struct nlmsghdr *h = buffer_at(buffer, 0, NLMSG_HDRLEN);
1014 nlmsghdr_to_string(h, &ds);
1015 if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR) {
1016 const struct nlmsgerr *e;
1017 e = buffer_at(buffer, NLMSG_HDRLEN,
1018 NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nlmsgerr)));
1020 ds_put_format(&ds, " error(%d", e->error);
1022 ds_put_format(&ds, "(%s)", strerror(-e->error));
1024 ds_put_cstr(&ds, ", in-reply-to(");
1025 nlmsghdr_to_string(&e->msg, &ds);
1026 ds_put_cstr(&ds, "))");
1028 ds_put_cstr(&ds, " error(truncated)");
1030 } else if (h->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE) {
1031 int *error = buffer_at(buffer, NLMSG_HDRLEN, sizeof *error);
1033 ds_put_format(&ds, " done(%d", *error);
1035 ds_put_format(&ds, "(%s)", strerror(-*error));
1037 ds_put_cstr(&ds, ")");
1039 ds_put_cstr(&ds, " done(truncated)");
1043 ds_put_cstr(&ds, "nl(truncated)");
1049 log_nlmsg(const char *function, int error,
1050 const void *message, size_t size)
1052 struct buffer buffer;
1055 if (!VLOG_IS_DBG_ENABLED()) {
1059 buffer.data = (void *) message;
1061 nlmsg = nlmsg_to_string(&buffer);
1062 VLOG_DBG("%s (%s): %s", function, strerror(error), nlmsg);